Sunset Yellow FCF (E110): Dangers and Alternatives

Danger Level: 4 (Moderate Risk) – Sunset Yellow FCF (E110) – is a synthetic yellow azo dye, also known as «Orange Yellow S». It is used as a food color additive to give an orange-yellow hue to various food products and beverages.

It is generally considered safe as it is permitted in many countries, but there are studies linking it to allergic reactions and hyperactivity in some individuals, particularly children.

Also, the E110 dye is a sulfated version of the dye Sudan I, which is banned and is a carcinogen. Due to the production technology, Sudan I may be present in E110 as an impurity, which is why E110 has such a high danger level.

Some Technical Characteristics

E110, known as Sunset Yellow FCF, is a synthetic yellow azo dye with the chemical formula C₁₆H₁₀N₂Na₂O₇S₂. Sunset Yellow FCF is water-soluble and is derived from petroleum.

Purpose in Products

Sunset Yellow FCF is mainly used only as a food colorant, it provides a bright orange-yellow hue, which improves the appearance of food and beverages. It is used by the Irish drink IRN-BRU and many other manufacturers of soft drinks and energy drinks.

Besides them, E110 can be found in

  • Confectionery: Candies, desserts, and snacks.
  • Beverages: Soft drinks, energy drinks, and powdered drink mixes.
  • Baked goods: Cakes, pastries, and cookies.
  • In sauces and canned fruits: for example cheese sauce, where it helps improve the color.

Health Considerations

Although Sunset Yellow is permitted for use in many countries, the following should be considered:

  • Allergic reactions: Some people may experience hypersensitivity reactions, such as hives, itching, or worsening of asthma, after consuming Sunset Yellow FCF.
  • Hyperactivity in children: Studies have shown a link between consumption of Sunset Yellow FCF and increased hyperactivity in children. As a result, products containing this additive may require warning labels in some regions.
  • The additive was banned

Regulatory Status

The use of Sunset Yellow FCF as a food additive varies by region:

  • European Union: Permitted for use as a food additive with the E number E110. However, products containing Sunset Yellow FCF must carry a warning label indicating potential adverse effects on activity and attention in children.
  • United States: Permitted for use as a color additive under the designation FD&C Yellow No. 6. The FDA requires that products containing Sunset Yellow FCF list its name on the ingredients label to inform consumers of its presence.

Given these regulatory guidelines, Sunset Yellow FCF is permitted in food products in many countries, albeit with specific labeling requirements to inform consumers of potential risks.

Alternatives and Substitutes

For those who wish to avoid Sunset Yellow FCF, alternative natural colorants include:

  • Curcumin (E100): Obtained from turmeric, giving a yellow or orange hue.
  • Annatto (E160b): Extracted from the seeds of the achiote tree, giving an orange-yellow color.
  • Beta-carotene (E160a): A precursor to vitamin A, giving an orange-yellow hue.

Precautions

E110 is found not only in «unhealthy food» and sweets. Synthetic dye can be added to bread, butter, yogurt, juice or muesli bars, so it is important to carefully read product labels and teach this to your children.

You can also just scan the product in the ohmygoods.app app and we will tell you if the product contains this dye.