E1203 – Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA)

Polyvinyl alcohol, designated as E1203, is a synthetic polymer used in the food industry primarily as a glazing agent. It is produced through the polymerization of vinyl acetate, followed by hydrolysis. PVA is known for its film-forming, emulsifying, and adhesive properties, making it suitable for various applications.

Danger Level: 1 – Mostly Safe

Purpose in Products

  • Glazing Agent: E1203 is commonly used as a coating for food supplements, particularly in capsule or tablet form, to provide a glossy finish and protect the contents from moisture. 

Health Considerations

  • Digestibility: Polyvinyl alcohol is not significantly absorbed in the human digestive tract and is excreted unchanged. Studies have shown that it has very low absorption in the gastrointestinal tract. 
  • Safety Evaluations: The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) has evaluated polyvinyl alcohol and considers it safe for use as a food additive in specified applications. No adverse effects have been reported at the levels permitted in food supplements.

Impact on Children

There is no specific evidence indicating that polyvinyl alcohol poses additional risks to children when used as a glazing agent in food supplements. However, it is generally advisable to monitor the intake of food additives in children’s diets.

Impact on Taste

E1203 is tasteless and odorless, and its use as a glazing agent does not affect the flavor profile of the coated product.

Compatibility with Other Additives

Polyvinyl alcohol is compatible with various other additives used in food supplement formulations, enhancing the stability and appearance of the final product.

Natural Occurrence

Polyvinyl alcohol is a synthetic compound and does not occur naturally.

Alternatives and Substitutes

Other glazing agents used in the food industry include:

  • Shellac (E904): A natural resin used as a glazing agent in confectionery and pharmaceutical products.
  • Beeswax (E901): A natural wax used as a coating agent in various food applications.

Regulation

Polyvinyl alcohol (E1203) is approved for use as a food additive in the European Union, specifically for use in food supplements in solid form, including capsules and tablets, with a maximum permitted level of 18,000 mg/kg. 

Conclusion

E1203 (Polyvinyl Alcohol) serves as an effective glazing agent in the food supplement industry, enhancing the appearance and stability of products without impacting their taste. When used within regulated limits, it is considered safe for consumption, with no significant health risks identified. As always, adherence to regulatory guidelines ensures consumer safety.