E1204 – Pullulan

Pullulan, designated as E1204, is a natural polysaccharide polymer produced by the fungus Aureobasidium pullulans. It is known for its film-forming, adhesive, and stabilizing properties, making it valuable in various food applications. 

Danger Level: 1 – Mostly Safe

Purpose in Products

  • Glazing Agent: Pullulan is commonly used as a coating for food supplements, particularly in capsule or tablet form, to provide a glossy finish and protect the contents from moisture
  • Edible Films: Due to its ability to form transparent, edible films, pullulan is utilized in products like breath fresheners and oral hygiene strips. 

Health Considerations

  • Digestibility: Pullulan is water-soluble and is generally considered safe for consumption. It is not significantly absorbed in the human digestive tract and is excreted unchanged. 
  • Safety Evaluations: The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) has evaluated pullulan and considers it safe for use as a food additive in specified applications. No adverse effects have been reported at the levels permitted in food supplements. 

Impact on Children

There is no specific evidence indicating that pullulan poses additional risks to children when used as a glazing agent in food supplements. However, it is generally advisable to monitor the intake of food additives in children’s diets.

Impact on Taste

Pullulan is tasteless and odorless, and its use as a glazing agent or in edible films does not affect the flavor profile of the coated product.

Compatibility with Other Additives

Pullulan is compatible with various other additives used in food supplement formulations, enhancing the stability and appearance of the final product.

Natural Occurrence

Pullulan is a natural polysaccharide produced by the fungus Aureobasidium pullulans. 

Alternatives and Substitutes

Other glazing agents and film-forming substances used in the food industry include:

  • Gelatin: A natural protein used as a gelling agent in various food applications.
  • Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose (HPMC): A synthetic polymer used as a glazing agent and film former in food and pharmaceutical products.

Regulation

Pullulan (E1204) is approved for use as a food additive in the European Union, specifically for use in food supplements in solid form, including capsules and tablets. 

Conclusion

E1204 (Pullulan) serves as an effective glazing agent and film-forming substance in the food supplement industry, enhancing the appearance and stability of products without impacting their taste. When used within regulated limits, it is considered safe for consumption, with no significant health risks identified. As always, adherence to regulatory guidelines ensures consumer safety.