E121 โ€” Citrus Red 2

Citrus Red 2 is a synthetic dye used to color the skins of some oranges. It is considered very dangerous (Danger Level: 5) and has been banned or restricted in many countries due to health concerns, including its potential as a carcinogen.

Purpose in Products

Citrus Red 2 was primarily used to enhance the appearance of orange skins, giving them a more vibrant color to make them more appealing to consumers.

Health Risks

  • Severe Health Concerns: Citrus Red 2 has been linked to various health issues, including allergic reactions and hyperactivity.
  • Carcinogenic Potential:ย Research suggests it may be a carcinogen, leading to its prohibition in many countries.

Impact on Children

Children are especially vulnerable to the effects of Citrus Red 2. Studies have linked synthetic dyes to hyperactivity and behavioral issues in children.

Impact on Taste

Citrus Red 2 affects only the appearance of food and has no impact on taste or flavor.

Compatibility with Other Additives

Citrus Red 2 may interact negatively with other synthetic additives, potentially exacerbating health risks.

Natural Occurrence

Citrus Red 2 is not found in nature. It is entirely synthetic, manufactured using chemical processes involving azo compounds.

Production Process

The additive is produced synthetically through the combination of aromatic compounds and diazonium salts. These chemical reactions create the azo dye, which gives the distinctive red color.

Alternatives and Substitutes

Safer natural alternatives to Citrus Red 2 include:

  • Annatto (E160b): A plant-based colorant offering a similar shade.
  • Beet Juice: A vibrant red alternative that is entirely natural.

Regulation

Citrus Red 2 has been banned or restricted in many regions, including the European Union and the United States, due to its high danger level and carcinogenic potential. It is not approved for use in food products in these regions.ย 

Conclusion

E121 (Citrus Red 2) is a synthetic food dye with severe health risks, including allergies and potential carcinogenic effects. It has no nutritional or health benefits and is banned in most countries. Safer natural alternatives like annatto and beet juice are recommended for food coloring purposes.