E125 – Scarlet GN

Scarlet GN, also known as Ponceau SX or Food Red 1, is a synthetic red azo dye that was previously used to color food products. It is considered very dangerous (Danger Level: 5) due to potential health risks, including its classification as a suspected carcinogen, leading to its prohibition in many countries.

Purpose in Products

E125 was utilized to impart a red hue to various food items, enhancing their visual appeal. It was commonly found in products such as candies, beverages, and baked goods. 

Health Risks

  • Carcinogenic Potential: Studies have indicated that Scarlet GN may be carcinogenic, contributing to its ban in numerous regions.
  • Allergic Reactions: Consumption of E125 has been associated with allergic responses, including skin rashes and other hypersensitivity reactions.

Impact on Children

Children are particularly susceptible to the adverse effects of synthetic dyes like E125, with potential links to hyperactivity and behavioral issues.

Impact on Taste

As a colorant, E125 did not alter the taste or flavor profile of food products; its function was solely to affect appearance.

Compatibility with Other Additives

E125 could be combined with other synthetic dyes to achieve various color shades. However, mixing multiple azo dyes may have compounded health risks.

Natural Occurrence

Scarlet GN is not naturally occurring; it is synthesized through chemical processes involving azo compounds.

Alternatives and Substitutes

Safer natural alternatives to E125 include:

  • Beetroot Red (E162): Provides a red color and is derived from beetroots.
  • Cochineal (E120): Offers a natural red hue, extracted from cochineal insects.

Regulation

Due to its health risks, E125 (Scarlet GN) has been banned in many countries and is not permitted for use in food products. 

Conclusion

E125 (Scarlet GN) is a synthetic red azo dye formerly used as a food colorant. Due to serious health concerns, including potential carcinogenicity, it has been banned in many countries. Natural alternatives like beetroot red and cochineal are recommended for coloring food products.