E128 – Red 2G

Red 2G, known as E128, is a synthetic red azo dye that was previously used to color certain food products. It is considered very dangerous (Danger Level: 5) due to its potential health risks, including carcinogenicity, leading to its ban in many countries.

Purpose in Products

E128 was primarily used to impart a red hue to food items, enhancing their visual appeal. It was commonly found in breakfast sausages and burger meats to improve their color. 

Health Risks

  • Carcinogenic Potential: E128 is metabolized in the body into aniline, a compound suspected to be carcinogenic based on animal studies.
  • Allergic Reactions: Consumption of Red 2G has been associated with allergic skin reactions in sensitive individuals, such as rashes, eczema, or hives, and respiratory issues like asthma-like attacks.

Impact on Children

Children may be particularly susceptible to the adverse effects of synthetic dyes like E128, with potential links to hyperactivity and behavioral issues.

Impact on Taste

As a colorant, E128 did not alter the taste or flavor profile of food products; its function was solely to affect appearance.

Compatibility with Other Additives

E128 could be combined with other synthetic dyes to achieve various color shades. However, mixing multiple azo dyes may have compounded health risks.

Natural Occurrence

Red 2G is not naturally occurring; it is synthesized through chemical processes involving azo compounds.

Alternatives and Substitutes

Safer natural alternatives to E128 include:

  • Beetroot Red (E162): Provides a red color and is derived from beetroots.
  • Cochineal (E120): Offers a natural red hue, extracted from cochineal insects.

Regulation

Due to its health risks, E128 (Red 2G) has been banned in many countries, including those in the European Union and the United States. 

Conclusion

E128 (Red 2G) is a synthetic red azo dye formerly used as a food colorant. Due to serious health concerns, including potential carcinogenicity and allergic reactions, it has been banned in many countries. Natural alternatives like beetroot red and cochineal are recommended for coloring food products.