E131 – Patent Blue V

Patent Blue V, designated as E131, is a synthetic blue dye used to color various food and pharmaceutical products. It is considered relatively harmful (Danger Level: 3) due to potential health concerns, including allergic reactions and other side effects, leading to its prohibition in certain countries.

Purpose in Products

E131 imparts a blue color to consumables, enhancing their visual appeal. It is commonly found in products such as candies, beverages, and certain baked goods. 

Health Risks

  • Allergic Reactions: Some individuals may experience allergic responses, including skin rashes, itching, and respiratory problems, upon exposure to Patent Blue V.
  • Other Side Effects: Intake of E131 has been associated with low blood pressure, nausea, and skin irritation.

Impact on Children

Children may be particularly susceptible to the adverse effects of synthetic dyes like E131, with potential links to hyperactivity and behavioral issues.

Impact on Taste

As a colorant, E131 does not alter the taste or flavor profile of food products; its function is solely to affect appearance.

Compatibility with Other Additives

E131 can be combined with other synthetic dyes to achieve various color shades. However, mixing multiple synthetic dyes may have compounded health risks.

Natural Occurrence

Patent Blue V is not naturally occurring; it is synthesized through chemical processes involving sulfonated triphenylmethane compounds.

Alternatives and Substitutes

Safer natural alternatives to E131 include:

  • Spirulina Extract (E161g): Provides a blue color and is derived from blue-green algae.
  • Gardenia Blue: Offers a natural blue hue, extracted from gardenia fruit.

Regulation

Due to health concerns, E131 (Patent Blue V) has been banned in countries such as the United States, Norway, and Australia. In regions where it is permitted, its use is subject to strict regulations regarding acceptable daily intake levels. 

Conclusion

E131 (Patent Blue V) is a synthetic blue dye used in various food and pharmaceutical products. Due to potential health risks, including allergic reactions and other side effects, its use is regulated or banned in several regions. Natural alternatives like spirulina extract and gardenia blue are recommended for coloring products.