E133 – Brilliant Blue FCF

Danger Level: 2 (Moderate Risk) – Indigotine, also known as Indigo Carmine (E132), is a synthetic blue dye used as a food coloring agent. While generally recognized as safe within established intake levels, it has been associated with potential health concerns, including allergic reactions and, in rare cases, increased blood pressure.

Description

E132, commonly referred to as Indigotine or Indigo Carmine, is a synthetic blue dye with the chemical formula C₁₆H₈N₂Na₂O₈S₂. It is water-soluble and primarily used to impart a blue hue to various food and beverage products. Indigotine is produced through chemical synthesis and is distinct from natural indigo derived from the plant Indigofera tinctoria. 

Purpose in Products

Indigotine serves as a coloring agent, providing blue hues to enhance the visual appeal of consumables. Common applications include:

  • Confectionery: Candies, gummies, and jellies.
  • Beverages: Soft drinks, flavored waters, and powdered drink mixes.
  • Baked Goods: Cakes, pastries, and biscuits.
  • Dairy Products: Flavored yogurts and desserts.
  • Pharmaceuticals: Capsules and tablets. 

Health Considerations

While Indigotine is approved for use in many countries, certain health considerations include:

  • Allergic Reactions: Some individuals may experience hypersensitivity reactions, such as skin rashes or respiratory issues, upon consuming products containing Indigotine. 
  • Blood Pressure Effects: In medical settings, Indigotine has been associated with increases in blood pressure when used as a diagnostic agent. However, such effects are unlikely at the low concentrations used in food products. 
  • Potential Carcinogenicity: Some sources suggest that Indigotine may be potentially carcinogenic, though evidence is limited and further research is needed.

Conclusion: E132 is generally considered safe for the majority of the population when consumed within regulated limits. However, individuals with known sensitivities may choose to avoid products containing Indigotine.

Regulatory Status

The use of Indigotine as a food additive varies by region:

  • European Union: Approved for use as a food additive with the E number E132. The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) has set an acceptable daily intake (ADI) of up to 5 mg/kg body weight. 
  • United States: Approved for use as a color additive under the designation FD&C Blue No. 2. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) requires that products containing Indigotine list it by name on the ingredient label to inform consumers of its presence.

Given these regulatory guidelines, Indigotine is permitted in food products in many countries, with specific labeling requirements to inform consumers of its presence.

Alternatives and Substitutes

For those seeking to avoid synthetic dyes like Indigotine, alternative natural coloring agents include:

  • Spirulina Extract: Derived from blue-green algae, providing a natural blue hue.
  • Butterfly Pea Flower Extract: Obtained from the petals of the butterfly pea flower, offering a vibrant blue color.

Conclusion

E132 (Indigotine/Indigo Carmine) is a synthetic blue dye widely used in the food industry to enhance product appearance. While generally safe for most consumers, it has been linked to allergic reactions and, in rare cases, increased blood pressure. Awareness of its presence in foods and consideration of potential sensitivities are advisable.