E150C – Ammonia Caramel

E150c, known as Ammonia Caramel or Class III Caramel, is a synthetic brown food coloring produced by heating carbohydrates in the presence of ammonia compounds. It is considered to have a low danger level (Danger Level: 1)and is commonly used to impart a brown hue to various food and beverage products.

Purpose in Products

E150c is utilized to provide a brown color to consumables, enhancing their visual appeal. It is commonly found in products such as:

  • Beverages: Including beers, whiskeys, and other spirits.
  • Baked goods: Such as breads and pastries.
  • Confectionery: Including candies and chocolates.
  • Sauces and dressings: Like soy sauce and gravy.

Health Risks

E150c is generally recognized as safe for consumption. However, excessive intake may lead to gastrointestinal discomfort in sensitive individuals. Additionally, there are concerns about the presence of 4-Methylimidazole (4-MEI), a byproduct formed during its production, which has been linked to potential health risks. 

Impact on Children

E150c is considered safe for children when consumed within acceptable daily intake levels. There is no specific evidence indicating adverse effects on children.

Impact on Taste

As a colorant, E150c has a neutral flavor profile and does not significantly alter the taste of the products to which it is added.

Compatibility with Other Additives

E150c is compatible with a wide range of food additives and ingredients, making it versatile for various formulations without causing undesirable interactions.

Natural Occurrence

E150c is not naturally occurring; it is produced through the controlled heat treatment of carbohydrates in the presence of ammonia compounds. This process results in the formation of the desired brown pigment.

Alternatives and Substitutes

Natural alternatives to E150c include:

  • Burnt Sugar Syrup: Provides a similar brown color and is made by heating sugar until it caramelizes.
  • Molasses: A byproduct of sugar production, offering a deep brown hue and distinct flavor.

Regulation

E150c is approved for use in food products in many countries, including those in the European Union and the United States. Regulatory bodies have established acceptable daily intake (ADI) levels to ensure consumer safety. The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) has assessed the safety of caramel colors, including E150c, and determined that some population groups have a moderate risk of reaching or exceeding the ADI for E150c. 

Conclusion

E150c (Ammonia Caramel) is a widely used food colorant that imparts brown hues to various products without affecting flavor. Its compatibility with other ingredients and regulatory approval make it a staple in the food industry. However, consumers should be aware of potential health concerns associated with excessive intake and the presence of 4-MEI.