E150D – Sulfite Ammonia Caramel

E150d, known as Sulfite Ammonia Caramel or Class IV Caramel, is a synthetic brown food coloring produced by heating carbohydrates in the presence of both sulfite and ammonia compounds. It is considered to have a low danger level (Danger Level: 1) and is widely used to impart a dark brown hue to various food and beverage products.

Purpose in Products

E150d is utilized to provide a rich dark brown color to consumables, enhancing their visual appeal. It is commonly found in products such as:

  • Soft drinks: Including colas and other carbonated beverages.
  • Balsamic vinegar
  • Coffee and chocolate syrups
  • Baked goods
  • Sauces and soups

Health Risks

E150d is generally recognized as safe for consumption. However, during its production, by-products such as 4-Methylimidazole (4-MEI) can form, which have raised health concerns. The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) has assessed the safety of caramel colors, including E150d, and established an acceptable daily intake (ADI) of 300 mg/kg body weight per day for the group of caramel colors. High consumers of foods containing these colors could exceed the ADI if used at maximum levels.

Impact on Children

E150d is considered safe for children when consumed within acceptable daily intake levels. There is no specific evidence indicating adverse effects on children.

Impact on Taste

As a colorant, E150d has a very mild flavor and aroma and does not significantly alter the taste of the products to which it is added.

Compatibility with Other Additives

E150d is compatible with a wide range of food additives and ingredients, making it versatile for various formulations without causing undesirable interactions.

Natural Occurrence

E150d is not naturally occurring; it is produced through the controlled heat treatment of carbohydrates in the presence of both sulfite and ammonia compounds. This process results in the formation of the desired dark brown pigment.

Alternatives and Substitutes

Natural alternatives to E150d include:

  • Burnt Sugar Syrup: Provides a similar brown color and is made by heating sugar until it caramelizes.
  • Molasses: A byproduct of sugar production, offering a deep brown hue and distinct flavor.

Regulation

E150d is approved for use in food products in many countries, including those in the European Union and the United States. Regulatory bodies have established acceptable daily intake (ADI) levels to ensure consumer safety. The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) has assessed the safety of caramel colors, including E150d, and determined that high consumers of foods containing these colors could exceed the ADI if used at maximum levels.

Conclusion

E150d (Sulfite Ammonia Caramel) is a widely used food colorant that imparts dark brown hues to various products without affecting flavor. Its compatibility with other ingredients and regulatory approval make it a staple in the food industry. However, consumers should be aware of potential health concerns associated with excessive intake and the presence of by-products like 4-MEI.