E153 – Vegetable Carbon

E153, known as Vegetable Carbon, is a natural black food coloring derived from carbonized plant materials. It imparts a deep black hue to various food and beverage products.

Purpose in Products

E153 is utilized to provide a black color to consumables, enhancing their visual appeal. It is commonly found in products such as:

  • Confectionery: Licorice and black candies.
  • Bakery Products: Dark-colored pastries and cakes.
  • Ice Creams and Desserts: To achieve a black or dark appearance.
  • Beverages: Certain spirits and liqueurs.

Health Risks

E153 is generally recognized as safe for consumption. However, concerns have been raised regarding the presence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), which are potential carcinogens, in vegetable carbon. The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) has evaluated E153 and concluded that, at reported use levels, vegetable carbon containing less than 1.0 mg/kg of residual carcinogenic PAHs expressed as benzo[a]pyrene is not of safety concern. 

Impact on Children

E153 is considered safe for children when used within the specified limits. There is no specific evidence indicating adverse effects on children.

Impact on Taste

As a colorant, E153 has a neutral flavor profile and does not significantly alter the taste of the products to which it is added.

Compatibility with Other Additives

E153 is compatible with a wide range of food additives and ingredients, making it versatile for various formulations without causing undesirable interactions.

Natural Occurrence

E153 is produced by the carbonization of plant materials, such as wood, peat, or coconut shells, under controlled conditions. This process results in a fine black powder used as a colorant.

Alternatives and Substitutes

Natural alternatives to E153 include:

  • Squid Ink: Offers a natural black pigment, commonly used in culinary applications, though less common in processed foods.
  • Activated Charcoal: Derived from coconut shells or other plant materials, used in some food applications for coloring.

Regulation

E153 is approved for use in food products in the European Union. However, it is banned in the United States due to safety concerns. In Australia, only vegetable-derived carbon is permitted. The Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI) has not been specified, but its use is regulated to ensure safety. 

Conclusion

E153 (Vegetable Carbon) is a natural black food colorant used to enhance the visual appeal of various products without affecting flavor. While generally considered safe, it is important to adhere to regulatory guidelines to minimize potential health risks associated with contaminants like PAHs.