E160b – Annatto, Bixin, Norbixin

E160b, commonly known as Annatto, is a natural food coloring derived from the seeds of the achiote tree (Bixa orellana). It imparts a yellow to red-orange hue to various food products and is utilized in both fat-soluble (bixin) and water-soluble (norbixin) forms.

Purpose in Products

E160b is employed to provide a yellow to red-orange color to consumables, enhancing their visual appeal. It is commonly found in products such as:

  • Dairy Products: Cheeses, butter, and margarine.
  • Snack Foods: Chips and crackers.
  • Baked Goods: Cakes and pastries.
  • Confectionery: Candies and desserts.
  • Beverages: Certain flavored drinks.

Health Risks

E160b is generally recognized as safe for consumption. However, some individuals may experience adverse reactions:

  • Allergic Reactions: Annatto can cause allergies and eczema in susceptible individuals. It is not always known which component in the mixture is the causative agent of the side effects.

Impact on Children

E160b is considered safe for children when used within recommended dietary limits. There is no specific evidence indicating adverse effects on children beyond the general potential for allergic reactions.

Impact on Taste

As a colorant, E160b has a neutral flavor profile and does not significantly alter the taste of the products to which it is added.

Compatibility with Other Additives

E160b is compatible with a wide range of food additives and ingredients, making it versatile for various formulations without causing undesirable interactions.

Natural Occurrence

Annatto is derived from the seeds of the achiote tree, native to tropical regions of the Americas. The seeds are harvested and processed to extract the pigments bixin and norbixin, which are then used as colorants.

Alternatives and Substitutes

Natural alternatives to E160b include other carotenoid-based colorants such as:

  • Carotenes (E160a): Provide yellow to orange hues.
  • Paprika Extract (E160c): Offers a red hue.
  • Lycopene (E160d): Imparts a deep red color.

Regulation

E160b is approved for use in food products in the European Union and many other countries, including the United States. The Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI) varies depending on the specific extract:

  • Annatto: Up to 2.5 mg/kg body weight.
  • Bixin: Up to 0.065 mg/kg body weight.

Its use is regulated to ensure safety, and it is important to consult local regulations for permitted uses.

Conclusion

E160b (Annatto) is a natural food colorant that enhances the visual appeal of various products without affecting flavor. While generally considered safe, it is important to be aware of potential allergic reactions in susceptible individuals and to adhere to regulatory guidelines to minimize health risks.