E160C – Paprika Extract (Capsanthin, Capsorubin)

E160c, known as Paprika Extract, is a natural food coloring derived from the fruits of the Capsicum annuum plant, commonly known as red bell peppers or sweet peppers. The primary coloring compounds in paprika extract are capsanthin and capsorubin, which impart a deep red hue to various food products.

Purpose in Products

E160c is utilized to provide a red to orange-red color to consumables, enhancing their visual appeal. It is commonly found in products such as:

  • Processed Meats: Sausages and cured meats.
  • Snack Foods: Chips and crisps.
  • Cheese and Dairy Products: Certain cheeses and flavored dairy items.
  • Sauces and Dressings: Barbecue sauce, salad dressings, and marinades.
  • Baked Goods: Pastries and bread with a reddish tint.

Its use is favored due to its natural origin and vibrant color. 

Health Risks

E160c is generally recognized as safe for consumption. However, some individuals may experience adverse reactions:

  • Allergic Reactions: Individuals allergic to peppers may exhibit sensitivity to paprika extract, potentially leading to allergic responses.

The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) has evaluated paprika extract and established an Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI) of 24 mg/kg body weight, concluding that it does not pose a genotoxic concern. 

Impact on Children

E160c is considered safe for children when used within recommended dietary limits. There is no specific evidence indicating adverse effects on children beyond the general potential for allergic reactions in susceptible individuals.

Impact on Taste

In addition to its coloring properties, E160c can impart a mild, characteristic flavor associated with paprika, which may subtly influence the taste profile of the products to which it is added.

Compatibility with Other Additives

E160c is compatible with a wide range of food additives and ingredients, making it versatile for various formulations without causing undesirable interactions.

Natural Occurrence

Paprika extract is obtained from the dried, ground fruits of the Capsicum annuum plant. The extraction process involves percolation with solvents like hexane, which are removed prior to use, resulting in an oil-soluble extract rich in carotenoids such as capsanthin and capsorubin.

Alternatives and Substitutes

Natural alternatives to E160c include other carotenoid-based colorants such as:

  • Annatto (E160b): Provides an orange-red color.
  • Lycopene (E160d): Imparts a deep red color.
  • Beetroot Red (E162): Offers a red to pink hue.

The choice of alternative depends on the desired shade and compatibility with the food product.

Regulation

E160c is approved for use in food products in the European Union and many other countries, including the United States. Its use is regulated to ensure safety, and it is important to consult local regulations for permitted uses and acceptable daily intake levels. 

Conclusion

E160c (Paprika Extract) is a natural food colorant that enhances the visual appeal of various products, with the added benefit of contributing a mild flavor. While generally considered safe, individuals with pepper allergies should exercise caution. Adherence to regulatory guidelines ensures its safe incorporation into food products.