E160E – β-Apo-8′-Carotenal

E160e, known as Beta-Apo-8′-Carotenal, is a carotenoid used as a food coloring agent to impart orange to red hues in various products. It occurs naturally in certain fruits, such as tangerines and oranges, and can also be synthesized commercially. 

Purpose in Products

E160e is utilized to provide an orange to red color to consumables, enhancing their visual appeal. It is commonly found in products such as:

  • Beverages: Fruit juices and soft drinks.
  • Confectionery: Candies and desserts.
  • Dairy Products: Flavored yogurts and ice creams.
  • Bakery Products: Cakes and pastries.

Its oil solubility makes it suitable for fat-based food applications. 

Health Considerations

E160e is generally recognized as safe for consumption. The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) has evaluated its safety and established an Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI) of 0.05 mg/kg body weight. This ADI is based on studies indicating that higher intake levels may lead to adverse effects, such as increased incidence of eosinophilic droplets in the kidneys. 

Impact on Children

E160e is considered safe for children when consumed within the established ADI. There is no specific evidence indicating adverse effects on children beyond the general considerations applicable to all age groups.

Impact on Taste

As a colorant, E160e has a neutral flavor profile and does not significantly alter the taste of the products to which it is added.

Compatibility with Other Additives

E160e is compatible with a wide range of food additives and ingredients, making it versatile for various formulations without causing undesirable interactions.

Natural Occurrence

Beta-Apo-8′-Carotenal occurs naturally in certain fruits, including tangerines and oranges. Commercially, it can be synthesized from carotene or isolated from plant sources. 

Alternatives and Substitutes

Natural alternatives to E160e include other carotenoid-based colorants such as:

  • Beta-Carotene (E160a): Provides yellow to orange hues.
  • Annatto (E160b): Offers an orange-red color.
  • Paprika Extract (E160c): Imparts a red hue.

The choice of alternative depends on the desired shade and compatibility with the food product. 

Regulation

E160e is approved for use in food products in the European Union and many other countries. Its use is regulated to ensure safety, and it is important to consult local regulations for permitted uses and acceptable daily intake levels. 

Conclusion

E160e (Beta-Apo-8′-Carotenal) is a carotenoid-based food colorant that enhances the visual appeal of various products without affecting flavor. While generally considered safe, adherence to regulatory guidelines ensures its appropriate incorporation into food products.