E161D – Rubixanthin

E161d, known as Rubixanthin, is a natural xanthophyll pigment that imparts a red-orange color. It is found in rose hips and certain other plants. As a food additive, it is designated by the E number E161d and is used as a coloring agent in various food products. 

Purpose in Products

Rubixanthin is utilized to provide a yellow to orange color to consumables, enhancing their visual appeal. It is commonly found in products such as:

  • Beverages: Fruit-flavored drinks and soft drinks.
  • Dairy Products: Flavored yogurts and desserts.
  • Confectionery: Candies and sweets.

Its natural origin and vibrant color make it a preferred choice in the food industry. 

Health Considerations

Rubixanthin is generally recognized as safe for consumption. As a carotenoid, it possesses antioxidant properties and may contribute to overall health, including supporting vision and skin health, though it is not as significant a provitamin A source as some other carotenoids (e.g., beta-carotene). 

Impact on Children

Rubixanthin is considered safe for children when consumed within recommended dietary limits. There is no specific evidence indicating adverse effects on children beyond general dietary considerations.

Impact on Taste

As a colorant, rubixanthin has a neutral flavor profile and does not significantly alter the taste of the products to which it is added.

Compatibility with Other Additives

Rubixanthin is compatible with a wide range of food additives and ingredients, making it versatile for various formulations without causing undesirable interactions.

Natural Occurrence

Rubixanthin occurs naturally in several plants, notably in:

  • Rose Hips: The fruit of the rose plant.

The concentration of rubixanthin varies among these sources, with rose hips being particularly rich in this pigment. 

Alternatives and Substitutes

Natural alternatives to E161d include other carotenoid-based colorants such as:

  • Lutein (E161b): Provides yellow to orange hues.
  • Beta-Carotene (E160a): Offers yellow to orange colors.
  • Annatto (E160b): Imparts an orange-red hue.

The choice of alternative depends on the desired shade and compatibility with the food product.

Regulation

Rubixanthin (E161d) is approved for use as a food additive in Australia and New Zealand, where it is listed as 161d. However, it is not approved for use in the European Union or the United States. 

Conclusion

E161d (Rubixanthin) is a natural xanthophyll-based food colorant that enhances the visual appeal of various products without affecting flavor. While generally considered safe, adherence to regional regulatory guidelines is essential for its appropriate incorporation into food products.