E161E – Violaxanthin

E161e, known as Violaxanthin, is a natural xanthophyll pigment that imparts a yellow color. It is found in various plants, notably in yellow pansies (Viola tricolor). As a food additive, it is designated by the E161e and is used as a coloring agent in certain food products. 

Purpose in Products

Violaxanthin is utilized to provide a yellow color to consumables, enhancing their visual appeal. However, its use in the food industry is relatively rare. 

Health Considerations

Violaxanthin is generally recognized as safe for consumption. No side effects are known at the concentrations used in foods. The acceptable daily intake (ADI) is up to 5 mg/kg body weight. 

Impact on Children

Violaxanthin is considered safe for children when consumed within the established ADI. There is no specific evidence indicating adverse effects on children beyond general dietary considerations.

Impact on Taste

As a colorant, violaxanthin has a neutral flavor profile and does not significantly alter the taste of the products to which it is added.

Compatibility with Other Additives

Violaxanthin is compatible with a wide range of food additives and ingredients, making it versatile for various formulations without causing undesirable interactions.

Natural Occurrence

Violaxanthin occurs naturally in several plants, notably in:

  • Yellow Pansies (Viola tricolor)

The concentration of violaxanthin varies among these sources, with yellow pansies being particularly rich in this pigment. 

Alternatives and Substitutes

Natural alternatives to E161e include other carotenoid-based colorants such as:

  • Lutein (E161b): Provides yellow to orange hues.
  • Beta-Carotene (E160a): Offers yellow to orange colors.
  • Annatto (E160b): Imparts an orange-red hue.

The choice of alternative depends on the desired shade and compatibility with the food product.

Regulation

Violaxanthin (E161e) is approved for use as a food additive in the European Union. Its use is regulated to ensure safety, and it is important to consult local regulations for permitted uses and acceptable daily intake levels. 

Conclusion

E161e (Violaxanthin) is a natural xanthophyll-based food colorant that enhances the visual appeal of various products without affecting flavor. While generally considered safe, adherence to regulatory guidelines ensures its appropriate incorporation into food products.