E161f – Rhodoxanthin

E161f, known as Rhodoxanthin, is a natural carotenoid pigment that imparts red to orange hues. It is found in small quantities in various plants, including the seeds of the yew tree (Taxus baccata), and in certain birds’ feathers. As a food additive, it is designated by the E number E161f and is used as a coloring agent in specific food products. 

Purpose in Products

Rhodoxanthin is utilized to provide a red to orange color to consumables, enhancing their visual appeal. It is commonly found in products such as:

  • Beverages: Fruit-flavored drinks and certain alcoholic beverages.
  • Snacks: Chips and extruded snack products.
  • Dairy Products: Flavored yogurts and cheeses.

Its vibrant color and natural origin make it a preferred choice in the food industry. 

Health Considerations

Rhodoxanthin is generally recognized as safe for consumption. No side effects are known at the concentrations used in foods. The acceptable daily intake (ADI) is up to 5 mg/kg body weight. 

Impact on Children

Rhodoxanthin is considered safe for children when consumed within the established ADI. There is no specific evidence indicating adverse effects on children beyond general dietary considerations.

Impact on Taste

As a colorant, rhodoxanthin has a neutral flavor profile and does not significantly alter the taste of the products to which it is added.

Compatibility with Other Additives

Rhodoxanthin is compatible with a wide range of food additives and ingredients, making it versatile for various formulations without causing undesirable interactions.

Natural Occurrence

Rhodoxanthin occurs naturally in several plants and animals, notably in:

  • Yew Tree Seeds (Taxus baccata)
  • Certain Birds’ Feathers

The concentration of rhodoxanthin varies among these sources, with yew tree seeds being particularly noted for containing this pigment. 

Alternatives and Substitutes

Natural alternatives to E161f include other carotenoid-based colorants such as:

  • Lutein (E161b): Provides yellow to orange hues.
  • Beta-Carotene (E160a): Offers yellow to orange colors.
  • Annatto (E160b): Imparts an orange-red hue.

The choice of alternative depends on the desired shade and compatibility with the food product.

Regulation

Rhodoxanthin (E161f) is approved for use as a food additive in Australia and New Zealand, where it is listed under its INS number 161f. However, it is not approved for use in the European Union or the United States. 

Conclusion

E161f (Rhodoxanthin) is a natural carotenoid-based food colorant that enhances the visual appeal of various products without affecting flavor. While generally considered safe, adherence to regional regulatory guidelines is essential for its appropriate incorporation into food products.