E166 – Sandalwood

E166, known as Sandalwood, is a natural colorant derived from the heartwood of sandalwood trees, primarily Pterocarpus santalinus (Red Sandalwood) and Santalum album (White Sandalwood). It imparts a red to reddish-brown hue and has been traditionally used in various applications, including food coloring, cosmetics, and traditional medicine. 

Purpose in Products

Sandalwood extract is utilized to provide a red to reddish-brown color to consumables, enhancing their visual appeal. Common applications include:

  • Beverages: Traditional herbal drinks and certain alcoholic beverages.
  • Confectionery: Candies and sweets in traditional cuisines.
  • Meat Products: Used in some cultures to color meat dishes.

Its natural origin makes it a preferred choice in traditional food preparations.

Health Considerations

While sandalwood has been used traditionally, its safety as a food additive requires careful consideration. Potential concerns include:

  • Allergic Reactions: Some individuals may experience allergic responses.
  • Toxicity: High doses or prolonged use may pose health risks.

Due to limited comprehensive toxicological data, consumption should be moderated, especially in vulnerable populations.

Impact on Children

Given the potential health considerations, it is advisable to limit the intake of products containing E166 in children’s diets until more safety data is available.

Impact on Taste

Sandalwood extract may impart a mild woody or earthy flavor to products, which can complement certain traditional recipes.

Compatibility with Other Additives

Sandalwood is generally compatible with various food ingredients and additives, but its interaction should be evaluated in specific formulations to ensure product stability and safety.

Natural Occurrence

Sandalwood is obtained from the heartwood of sandalwood trees, notably:

  • Red Sandalwood (Pterocarpus santalinus)
  • White Sandalwood (Santalum album)

These trees are native to regions such as India and Southeast Asia.

Alternatives and Substitutes

Natural alternatives to E166 include other plant-based colorants such as:

  • Beetroot Red (E162): Provides red hues.
  • Anthocyanins (E163): Offer red to purple colors.
  • Paprika Extract (E160c): Imparts an orange-red hue.

The choice of alternative depends on the desired shade and compatibility with the food product.

Regulation

The regulatory status of Sandalwood (E166) varies by region. In the European Union, it is listed under the International Numbering System for Food Additives but may not be approved for use in foods. Manufacturers should consult local regulations to ensure compliance. 

Conclusion

E166 (Sandalwood) is a natural colorant derived from sandalwood trees, used traditionally to impart red to reddish-brown hues in various products. Due to potential health considerations and varying regulatory statuses, its use in food products should be approached with caution, ensuring compliance with local regulations and safety assessments.