E173 – Aluminium powder

Danger Level: 2 (Moderate Risk) – Aluminium powder is generally considered safe for limited use in food decoration; however, excessive intake may pose health risks.

Description

E173 refers to aluminium powder, a metallic food additive primarily used as a colorant to impart a silver-grey appearance to decorative food items. It is utilized in applications requiring a metallic finish, such as confectionery and baked goods. 

Purpose in Products

Aluminium powder is used sparingly in the food industry, mainly for surface decoration to enhance visual appeal. Common applications include:

  • Confectionery: Cake decorations, dragees (sugar-coated almonds), and chocolates to provide a shiny, metallic appearance.
  • Baked Goods: Decorative elements on cakes, pastries, and other baked goods for a metallic or shimmering finish.
  • Food Coatings: Occasionally used in coatings for special candies and gourmet products to create an eye-catching metallic appearance.

Its use is primarily for aesthetic purposes and is not intended to be consumed in significant amounts. 

Health Considerations

While aluminium is naturally present in various foods and the environment, excessive intake can lead to health concerns:

  • Ingestion Risks: Small amounts are generally considered non-toxic; however, consuming large quantities over time may lead to health issues such as neurotoxicity and bone disorders. There is ongoing debate about the potential role of aluminium exposure in neurological conditions like Alzheimer’s disease, though the link has not been conclusively proven.
  • Regulatory Restrictions: In the European Union, E173 is permitted for use in food products, but its use is strictly controlled and limited to surface decoration. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) does not approve aluminium as a direct food additive, but it is sometimes used in decorations where it is not expected to be ingested

Conclusion: E173 is considered safe for limited use in food decoration; however, excessive intake may pose health risks.

Impact on Children

Given the potential health considerations, it is advisable to limit the intake of products containing E173 in children’s diets until more safety data is available.

Impact on Taste

Aluminium powder is tasteless and odorless, ensuring it does not alter the flavor profile of food products.

Compatibility with Other Additives

E173 is compatible with a wide range of food ingredients and additives, making it versatile for various formulations without causing undesirable interactions.

Natural Occurrence

Aluminium is the most abundant metal in the Earth’s crust and is present naturally in nearly all rocks and soils. It can also be found in water, air, and the human body. 

Alternatives and Substitutes

Natural alternatives to E173 include other metallic colorants such as:

  • Silver (E174): Provides a silver appearance.
  • Gold (E175): Offers a gold metallic finish.

The choice of alternative depends on the desired aesthetic effect and compatibility with the food product.

Regulation

The regulatory status of E173 varies by region:

  • European Union: Permitted for use in food products, but its use is strictly controlled and limited to surface decoration.
  • United States: The FDA does not approve aluminium as a direct food additive, but it is sometimes used in decorations where it is not expected to be ingested. 

Manufacturers should consult local regulations to ensure compliance.

Conclusion

E173 (Aluminium Powder) is a metallic colorant used in decorative food coatings like cake decorations and candies. It is safe in minimal amounts but should be used sparingly.