E175 – Gold

Danger Level: 1 (Low Risk) – Gold (E175) is generally considered safe for consumption in minimal amounts, primarily used for decorative purposes in gourmet foods and beverages.

Description

E175 refers to gold, a natural metal used as a food additive to impart a luxurious, metallic appearance to various culinary creations. It is commonly applied as a thin leaf, flakes, or powder to decorate confectioneries, pastries, and beverages. 

Purpose in Products

Gold is utilized in the food industry mainly for aesthetic enhancement. Common applications include:

  • Confectionery: Decorative coatings on chocolates, candies, and high-end desserts.
  • Baked Goods: Adorning cakes, pastries, and specialty breads for an opulent appearance.
  • Beverages: Garnishing cocktails, liqueurs, and luxury spirits to add visual appeal.

Its use is primarily for decorative purposes and is not intended to contribute to flavor or nutritional value. 

Health Considerations

Gold is biologically inert, meaning it passes through the digestive system without being absorbed. When used appropriately, it poses minimal health risks:

  • Safety Evaluations: The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) has re-evaluated gold (E175) as a food additive and noted limited data on its absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion. However, due to its inert nature, it is considered safe for decorative use in foods.
  • Purity Requirements: Edible gold must be of high purity, typically 23–24 karats, to ensure it is free from contaminants that could pose health risks. 

Conclusion: E175 is considered safe for consumption in minimal amounts used for decorative purposes.

Impact on Children

Given its inert nature and minimal usage, gold (E175) does not pose specific health risks to children when used appropriately in food decorations.

Impact on Taste

Gold is tasteless and odorless, ensuring it does not alter the flavor profile of food or beverages.

Compatibility with Other Additives

E175 is compatible with a wide range of food ingredients and additives, making it versatile for various culinary applications without causing undesirable interactions.

Natural Occurrence

Gold is a naturally occurring precious metal found in the Earth’s crust. For culinary uses, it is processed into ultra-thin leaves, flakes, or powders suitable for safe consumption.

Alternatives and Substitutes

Other metallic colorants used for decorative purposes include:

  • Silver (E174): Provides a silver metallic finish.
  • Aluminium (E173): Offers a silver-grey appearance.

The choice of alternative depends on the desired visual effect and compatibility with the specific food product.

Regulation

The regulatory status of E175 varies by region:

  • European Union: Permitted for use as a food additive, primarily for surface decoration of confectionery, chocolates, and liqueurs.
  • United States: Recognized as safe for decorative use in foods, provided it meets purity standards. 

Manufacturers should consult local regulations to ensure compliance with specific usage guidelines.

Conclusion

E175 (Gold) is a metallic colorant used to add a luxurious appearance to gourmet foods and beverages. When used appropriately, it poses minimal health risks, making it suitable for decorative culinary applications.