E202 – Potassium Sorbate

Danger Level: 1 (Low Risk) – Potassium sorbate (E202) is generally recognized as safe for consumption within established regulatory limits.

Description

E202, known as potassium sorbate, is the potassium salt of sorbic acid. It appears as a white crystalline powder and is highly soluble in water. Potassium sorbate is widely used as a preservative in the food industry due to its effectiveness in inhibiting the growth of molds, yeasts, and some bacteria, thereby extending the shelf life of various products. 

Purpose in Products

Potassium sorbate is utilized in a variety of food and beverage products, including:

  • Dairy Products: Such as cheese and yogurt.
  • Baked Goods: Including bread, cakes, and pastries.
  • Beverages: Like wine, cider, and soft drinks.
  • Dried Fruits and Meats: To prevent spoilage.
  • Condiments: Including sauces and salad dressings.

Its primary function is to prevent spoilage and extend shelf life by inhibiting microbial growth. 

Health Considerations

Potassium sorbate is generally regarded as safe when used in accordance with good manufacturing practices:

  • Metabolism: When ingested, it is metabolized into water and carbon dioxide and does not accumulate in the body.
  • Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI): The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) has established an ADI of 3 mg per kilogram of body weight per day for sorbic acid and its potassium salt. 
  • Potential Side Effects: While rare, some individuals may experience allergic reactions, such as skin irritation, particularly from cosmetics and personal care products containing potassium sorbate. 

Conclusion: E202 is considered safe for consumption within established regulatory limits.

Impact on Children

Potassium sorbate is considered safe for children when consumed within the acceptable daily intake levels. However, monitoring the intake of preserved foods is advisable to ensure balanced nutrition.

Impact on Taste

At typical usage levels, potassium sorbate does not impart any noticeable taste or odor to food products, thus preserving the original flavor profile.

Compatibility with Other Additives

Potassium sorbate is often used in combination with other preservatives, such as sodium benzoate, to enhance antimicrobial efficacy. It is effective in acidic to slightly acidic environments (optimal activity at pH values below 6.5). 

Natural Occurrence

While sorbic acid occurs naturally in some berries, such as those of the rowan tree, potassium sorbate used commercially is synthetically produced by neutralizing sorbic acid with potassium hydroxide. 

Alternatives and Substitutes

Alternative preservatives to potassium sorbate include:

  • Sorbic Acid (E200): The parent compound, used directly as a preservative in various food products.
  • Calcium Sorbate (E203): Another sorbate salt used as a preservative.
  • Sodium Benzoate (E211): Effective against yeast and bacteria in acidic foods.

Regulation

The regulatory status of E202 varies by region:

  • European Union: Approved for use as a food additive with specific maximum levels set for different food categories.
  • United States: Generally recognized as safe (GRAS) by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) when used in accordance with good manufacturing practices. 

Manufacturers should consult local regulations to ensure compliance with specific usage guidelines.

Conclusion

E202 (Potassium Sorbate) is a widely used preservative effective against molds and yeasts, extending the shelf life of various food products. It is considered safe for consumption within established regulatory limits, with minimal impact on taste and compatibility with other additives.