E213 โ€“ Calcium Benzoate

Danger Level: 2 (Relatively Safe with Caution)
Calcium Benzoate is a preservative used to inhibit the growth of mold, yeast, and bacteria, particularly in acidic foods and beverages.

Purpose in Products

Calcium Benzoate (E213) is added to food products as a preservative to extend shelf life and prevent spoilage. It works best in acidic environments (pH below 4.5). It is commonly found in:

  • Beverages: Fruit juices, soft drinks, and carbonated drinks.
  • Condiments: Pickles, sauces, and salad dressings.
  • Confectionery: Jellies, jams, and preserves.
  • Bakery Products: Some acidic or fermented goods.

Health Considerations

  • Safe in Small Amounts: Regulatory bodies, like the EFSA and FDA, deem calcium benzoate safe when consumed within limits.
  • Benzene Formation: In the presence of ascorbic acid (vitamin C) and under heat/light, calcium benzoate can form benzene, a carcinogen. However, levels are usually monitored and controlled.
  • Allergic Reactions: People with sensitivities to benzoates may experience:
    • Skin rashes
    • Asthma attacks (especially in those sensitive to aspirin)
  • Hyperactivity in Children: When combined with artificial colorants, benzoates may exacerbate hyperactivity and attention issues in children.

Impact on Children

While calcium benzoate is safe in regulated amounts, children consuming excessive processed foods and beverages containing benzoates may:

  • Exhibit hyperactivity or behavioral issues (studies suggest benzoates may have an additive effect with food colorings).
  • Have an increased intake of potential benzene precursors in acidic beverages.

Impact on Taste

  • Calcium Benzoate has no noticeable flavor when used in small amounts.
  • In higher concentrations, it can add a slightly bitter aftertaste.

Compatibility with Other Additives

Calcium Benzoate works well with other food additives and stabilizers but should be used with caution in formulations containing ascorbic acid (E300) to avoid benzene formation.

Natural Occurrence

Calcium Benzoate is not naturally occurring. However, its parent compound, benzoic acid, is found naturally in:

  • Cranberries
  • Plums
  • Cinnamon
  • Apples

Commercially, calcium benzoate is synthetically produced from benzoic acid and calcium salts.

Alternatives and Substitutes

Natural and synthetic alternatives to calcium benzoate include:

  • Potassium Sorbate (E202): Widely used to inhibit mold and yeast.
  • Sodium Benzoate (E211): A close chemical relative of calcium benzoate.
  • Vinegar and Citric Acid: Natural preservatives for acidic foods.

Regulation

  • European Union: Approved for use with limits on concentrations (up to 200 mg/kg in food).
  • USA: Recognized as GRAS (Generally Recognized as Safe) by the FDA.
  • International: Its use is monitored and regulated globally to prevent benzene formation and allergic effects.

Conclusion

E213 (Calcium Benzoate) is a widely approved and effective preservative used to extend shelf life in acidic food products. While it is generally safe, excessive consumption or its combination with vitamin C can raise concerns about benzene formation and allergic reactions. Children may be more sensitive to its effects, especially when paired with artificial colorants. Moderation and label awareness are key for safe consumption.