E285 – Sodium Tetraborate (Borax)

Danger Level: 4 (Avoid)

E285, commonly known as Sodium Tetraborate or Borax, is a sodium salt of boric acid. It has been used as an antimicrobial preservative in certain food products, particularly in sturgeon eggs (caviar). 

Purpose in Products

Sodium Tetraborate has been utilized for:

  • Preservation: Acting as an antimicrobial agent to extend the shelf life of specific food items, notably caviar. 
  • pH Buffering: Used to control acidity in products. 

Health Considerations

Sodium Tetraborate poses several health risks:

  • Toxicity: Ingestion can lead to nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and in severe cases, kidney damage or failure. 
  • Reproductive Disorders: Exposure may cause reproductive issues.
  • Irritation: Can cause skin and eye irritation upon contact. 

Due to these risks, Borax is considered unsafe for consumption.

Impact on Children

Children are particularly vulnerable to the toxic effects of Sodium Tetraborate, and exposure can lead to serious health complications.

Impact on Taste

Sodium Tetraborate may impart an unpleasant metallic bitter aftertaste to food products, which is generally undesirable. 

Compatibility with Other Additives

Due to its toxicity, Sodium Tetraborate is not recommended for use with other food additives.

Natural Occurrence

Sodium Tetraborate occurs naturally as the mineral borax, commonly found in dry lake beds. 

Alternatives and Substitutes

Safer alternatives for food preservation include:

  • Sorbic Acid (E200): A commonly used preservative effective against molds and yeasts.
  • Benzoic Acid (E210): Utilized as a preservative in acidic foods and beverages.

Regulation

The use of Sodium Tetraborate in food is heavily regulated:

  • European Union: Approved as a food additive (E285) but with strict limitations due to safety concerns.
  • United States: Not approved for use in food products. 

Regulatory bodies have imposed these restrictions to protect consumer health.

Conclusion

E285 (Sodium Tetraborate) is a chemical compound with antimicrobial properties that was historically used as a food preservative. Due to significant health risks, including toxicity and potential reproductive disorders, its use in food products is now heavily restricted or banned in many countries. Consumers should avoid products containing Borax and opt for foods preserved with safer alternatives.