E307 – Alpha-Tocopherol (Synthetic Vitamin E)

Danger Level: 0 (Safe)

E307, known as alpha-tocopherol, is a synthetic form of vitamin E. It is commonly used in the food industry for its antioxidant properties. 

Purpose in Products

Alpha-tocopherol serves several functions in food products:

  • Antioxidant: Prevents oxidation, thereby extending shelf life and preserving color and flavor, especially in high-fat products. 
  • Nutrient Fortification: Enriches foods with vitamin E, contributing to their nutritional value.

Health Considerations

Alpha-tocopherol is generally recognized as safe and serves as a source of vitamin E, an essential nutrient. The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) has evaluated tocopherols (E306–E309) and concluded that their use in food is not of safety concern at the levels used. 

Impact on Children

Alpha-tocopherol is safe for children and contributes to their vitamin E intake, supporting growth and immune function. Adequate vitamin E is important for neurological development and protection against oxidative stress.

Impact on Taste

At typical usage levels, alpha-tocopherol does not impart any noticeable taste to food products. However, in higher concentrations, it may impart a strong flavor, which can limit its applications. 

Compatibility with Other Additives

Alpha-tocopherol is compatible with most food additives and can work synergistically with other antioxidants to enhance preservative effects. It also protects other nutrients, such as vitamin A, from oxidation. 

Natural Occurrence

While E307 refers to the synthetic form of alpha-tocopherol, natural vitamin E (tocopherols) occurs in various vegetable oils, including:

  • Sunflower Oil
  • Safflower Oil
  • Wheat Germ Oil

These oils are common sources for extracting natural tocopherols. 

Alternatives and Substitutes

While alpha-tocopherol is a common antioxidant, alternatives include:

  • Ascorbyl Palmitate (E304): A fat-soluble form of vitamin C used as an antioxidant.
  • Butylated Hydroxyanisole (BHA, E320): A synthetic antioxidant used to prevent rancidity in fats and oils.
  • Butylated Hydroxytoluene (BHT, E321): Another synthetic antioxidant used for similar purposes.

Regulation

Alpha-tocopherol (E307) is approved for use as a food additive globally, including in the European Union, the United States, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand. The acceptable daily intake (ADI) is up to 2 mg/kg body weight. 

Conclusion

E307 (Alpha-Tocopherol) is a safe and effective antioxidant and nutrient used in the food industry. Its inclusion in food products helps preserve quality, extend shelf life, and enhance nutritional value without adverse health effects when consumed within recommended dietary allowances.