E308 — gamma-tocopherol

E308 is a synthetic form of vitamin E used in the food industry primarily as an antioxidant. It helps prevent the oxidation of fats and oils, thereby extending the shelf life of food products.

Danger Level: 1 (Generally Safe) – Gamma-tocopherol is generally recognized as safe (GRAS) when used within established regulatory limits. As a form of vitamin E, it contributes to the body’s antioxidant defenses.

Purpose in Products

Gamma-tocopherol serves several functions in food products:

  • Antioxidant: Prevents the oxidation of fats and oils, which can lead to rancidity and spoilage.
  • Preservative: Maintains the freshness, flavor, and nutritional quality of food products, especially those with a high fat content.

Common applications include:

  • Margarine and Spreads: To prevent rancidity.
  • Salad Dressings: To maintain flavor and quality.
  • Snack Foods: To extend shelf life.

Health Considerations

Gamma-tocopherol is a form of vitamin E, an essential nutrient that acts as an antioxidant, protecting cells from oxidative damage. While it is less potent than alpha-tocopherol in terms of vitamin E activity, gamma-tocopherol has unique antioxidant properties that are beneficial for health. Some studies suggest that gamma-tocopherol may be effective in neutralizing certain types of free radicals involved in inflammatory processes and some chronic diseases. 

There have been no significant health issues associated with the consumption of E308. In fact, tocopherols, including gamma-tocopherol, are essential for human health, contributing to the protection of cells against oxidative damage and supporting immune function. 

Impact on Children

As a form of vitamin E, gamma-tocopherol is essential for growth and development in children. There are no specific concerns regarding its consumption in typical dietary amounts.

Impact on Taste

Gamma-tocopherol is tasteless and does not affect the flavor profile of food products when used in appropriate concentrations.

Compatibility with Other Additives

Gamma-tocopherol is compatible with various food additives and is often used alongside other antioxidants and preservatives to achieve desired product stability.

Natural Occurrence

Gamma-tocopherol is naturally present in many plant oils, such as soybean oil, and in nuts and seeds. It can also be synthesized for use as a food additive. 

Alternatives and Substitutes

Depending on the application, alternatives to gamma-tocopherol as an antioxidant may include:

  • Alpha-Tocopherol (E307): Another form of vitamin E with higher biological activity.
  • Ascorbic Acid (E300): Commonly known as vitamin C, used as an antioxidant.
  • Butylated Hydroxyanisole (BHA, E320): A synthetic antioxidant used to prevent rancidity in fats and oils.

Regulation

Gamma-tocopherol (E308) is approved for use as a food additive in many countries, including those in the European Union. Regulatory agencies have established guidelines to ensure its safe use in food products.

Conclusion

E308 (Gamma-Tocopherol) is a synthetic form of vitamin E used as an antioxidant in the food industry to preserve the quality of fat-containing products. It is generally considered safe and also contributes to human health by protecting against oxidative damage.