E333 – Calcium Citrates

E333 includes calcium salts of citric acid: monocalcium citrate (E333(i)), dicalcium citrate (E333(ii)), and tricalcium citrate (E333(iii)). These compounds function primarily as acidity regulators, sequestrants, and stabilizers in various food products. 

Danger Level: 0 (Safe) – Calcium Citrates are generally recognized as safe for consumption within regulated limits. 

Purpose in Products

Calcium Citrates serve multiple functions in the food industry:

  • Acidity Regulation: They help maintain desired pH levels in foods and beverages, ensuring product stability and taste consistency.
  • Sequestrant: By binding metal ions, they prevent undesirable reactions that could affect product quality.
  • Stabilizer: They enhance the texture and shelf life of various products.

Common applications include:

  • Beverages: Soft drinks and fruit juices, where they act as buffering agents to regulate acidity.
  • Dairy Products: Processed cheeses, where they function as emulsifying salts to improve texture.
  • Baked Goods: They can be used to adjust acidity and improve dough properties.
  • Confectionery: Candies and sweets, to control acidity and enhance flavor.

Health Considerations

Calcium Citrates are generally safe for consumption. However, certain considerations include:

  • Calcium Intake: Individuals with hypercalcemia or those on calcium-restricted diets should monitor their intake, as excessive calcium can lead to health issues.
  • Allergic Reactions: Pseudo-allergic reactions (intolerance) have been reported, but these are very rare. People with such intolerance should also avoid all soft fruits and berries and products made thereof. 

Impact on Children

Calcium Citrates are safe for children when consumed within recommended dietary limits. They can contribute to maintaining calcium balance and proper metabolic functions.

Impact on Taste

Calcium Citrates have a slightly tart taste. In food products, they are used to balance flavors without imparting significant off-tastes.

Compatibility with Other Additives

Calcium Citrates are compatible with various food additives, including other acidity regulators, stabilizers, and preservatives. They are often used in conjunction with these substances to achieve desired product qualities.

Natural Occurrence

Citric acid, from which Calcium Citrates are derived, occurs naturally in citrus fruits and other fruits like kiwi and strawberries. Calcium Citrates themselves are synthesized for use in food products. 

Alternatives and Substitutes

Alternatives to Calcium Citrates include other acidity regulators and sequestrants, such as:

  • Sodium Citrates (E331): Used similarly but contain sodium instead of calcium.
  • Potassium Citrates (E332): Serve as acidity regulators and can also provide potassium fortification.
  • Citric Acid (E330): A common acidity regulator and flavoring agent.

Regulation

Calcium Citrates (E333) are approved for use as food additives in many countries, including those in the European Union and the United States. Regulatory agencies have established acceptable daily intake levels to ensure consumer safety. 

Conclusion

E333 (Calcium Citrates) are versatile food additives employed as acidity regulators, sequestrants, and stabilizers in various products. When used within regulatory guidelines, they are generally safe for consumption, contributing to product quality and stability. Individuals with specific health conditions should monitor their intake accordingly.