E337 – Potassium Sodium Tartrate

E337, known as Potassium Sodium Tartrate, is a double salt of tartaric acid, commonly referred to as Rochelle salt. It functions as an acidity regulator, stabilizer, and sequestrant in various food products.

Danger Level: 1 (Safe with Caution)

Purpose in Products

Potassium Sodium Tartrate serves multiple functions in the food industry:

  • Acidity Regulation: Maintains desired pH levels in foods and beverages, ensuring product stability and taste consistency.
  • Stabilization: Enhances texture and shelf life of various products.
  • Sequestration: Binds metal ions to prevent undesirable reactions that could affect product quality.

Common applications include:

  • Baking: Used in leavening agents for biscuits and snacks. 
  • Confectionery: Helps control acidity and maintain consistency in sweets and candies.
  • Beverages: Regulates acidity in soft drinks and fruit juices.
  • Jams and Jellies: Acts as a stabilizer to achieve the desired gel-like texture.

Health Considerations

Potassium Sodium Tartrate is generally safe for consumption. However, certain considerations include:

  • High Potassium Intake: Individuals with kidney problems or on potassium-restricted diets should be cautious, as excessive potassium intake can lead to hyperkalemia (high blood potassium levels).
  • Digestive Effects: In large amounts, it may cause mild digestive discomfort, such as nausea or diarrhea.

Impact on Children

Potassium Sodium Tartrate is safe for children when consumed within recommended dietary limits. It contributes to the palatability of various food products, encouraging the consumption of fruit-flavored items. However, moderation is advised to prevent potential digestive discomfort from excessive intake.

Impact on Taste

Potassium Sodium Tartrate has a slightly salty taste. In food products, it is used to balance flavors without imparting significant off-tastes.

Compatibility with Other Additives

Potassium Sodium Tartrate is compatible with various food additives and ingredients, making it versatile in food processing. It can be used alongside other acidity regulators, stabilizers, and preservatives to achieve desired product qualities.

Natural Occurrence

Tartaric acid, from which Potassium Sodium Tartrate is derived, occurs naturally in many plants, especially in grapes. During prolonged storage of wine, a sediment of potassium tartrate, known as tartar, forms in barrels and bottles. This sediment serves as the starting substance for the chemical production of tartaric acid (E334) and its salts, including Potassium Sodium Tartrate (E337). 

Alternatives and Substitutes

Alternatives to Potassium Sodium Tartrate include other acidity regulators and stabilizers, such as:

  • Sodium Tartrates (E335): Used similarly but contain sodium instead of potassium.
  • Potassium Tartrates (E336): Serve as acidity regulators and can also provide potassium fortification.
  • Citric Acid (E330): A common acidity regulator and flavoring agent.

The choice of alternative depends on the specific application and desired properties of the food product.

Regulation

Potassium Sodium Tartrate (E337) is approved for use as a food additive in many countries, including those in the European Union and the United States. Regulatory agencies have established acceptable daily intake levels to ensure consumer safety. The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) has established a group acceptable daily intake (ADI) for tartaric acid and its salts, including Potassium Sodium Tartrate, of 240 mg/kg body weight per day, expressed as tartaric acid. 

Conclusion

E337 (Potassium Sodium Tartrate) is a versatile food additive employed as an acidity regulator, stabilizer, and sequestrant in various products. When used within regulatory guidelines, it is generally safe for consumption, contributing to product quality and stability. Individuals with specific health conditions should monitor their intake accordingly.