E359 – Ammonium Adipate

E359 is the ammonium salt of adipic acid. It is commonly used in the food industry as an acidity regulator and stabilizer, helping to maintain the correct pH levels in food products, ensuring a balanced taste, and preventing spoilage. 

Danger Level: 2 (Relatively Safe with Caution)

Purpose in Products

Ammonium Adipate serves multiple functions in the food industry:

  • Acidity Regulation: Maintains desired pH levels in foods and beverages, ensuring product stability and taste consistency.
  • Stabilization: Prevents spoilage by maintaining the structural integrity of food products.

Common applications include:

  • Processed Foods: Used to regulate acidity and enhance flavor stability.
  • Beverages: Incorporated to maintain pH balance and improve shelf life.

Health Considerations

Ammonium Adipate is generally recognized as safe for consumption within regulated limits. However, some individuals may experience sensitivities to ammonium compounds or adipic acid itself, potentially leading to:

  • Gastrointestinal Discomfort: Symptoms may include stomach cramps or diarrhea.
  • Headaches: Some individuals may experience headaches after consumption.
  • Allergic-like Symptoms: Such as skin rashes or respiratory issues.

Impact on Children

Ammonium Adipate is considered safe for children when consumed within recommended dietary limits. However, moderation is advised to prevent potential health concerns related to excessive intake.

Impact on Taste

Ammonium Adipate is generally tasteless and does not significantly impact the flavor of food products. Its primary role is in acidity regulation and stabilization.

Compatibility with Other Additives

Ammonium Adipate is compatible with various food additives and ingredients, making it versatile in food processing. It can be used alongside other acidity regulators and stabilizers to achieve desired product qualities.

Natural Occurrence

Ammonium Adipate does not occur naturally in foods but is synthesized from adipic acid, which is naturally present in small amounts in certain foods like beets and sugar cane.

Alternatives and Substitutes

Alternatives to Ammonium Adipate include other acidity regulators and stabilizers, such as:

  • Citric Acid (E330): A common acidity regulator and flavoring agent.
  • Tartaric Acid (E334): Provides tartness and is used as an acidity regulator.

The choice of alternative depends on the specific application and desired properties of the food product.

Regulation

Ammonium Adipate (E359) is listed in the Codex Alimentarius as a food additive permitted for use as an acidity regulator. 

Conclusion

E359 (Ammonium Adipate) is a versatile food additive employed as an acidity regulator and stabilizer in various products. When used within regulatory guidelines, it is generally safe for consumption, contributing to product quality and stability. However, individuals with sensitivities to ammonium compounds or adipic acid should exercise caution. Moderation and awareness of dietary sources are key to maintaining a balanced intake.