E368 – Ammonium Fumarate

E368 is the ammonium salt of fumaric acid. It is utilized in the food industry as an acidity regulator. Ammonium Fumarate is generally recognized as safe for consumption within regulated limits. 

Danger Level: 2 (Relatively Safe with Caution)

Purpose in Products

Ammonium Fumarate serves specific functions in the food industry:

  • Acidity Regulation: Maintains desired pH levels in foods and beverages, ensuring product stability and taste consistency.

Common applications include:

  • Beverages: Used to regulate acidity in soft drinks and fruit juices.
  • Processed Foods: Maintains flavor and stability in various products, including sauces and dressings.

Health Considerations

Ammonium Fumarate is generally recognized as safe for consumption within regulated limits. While adverse effects are rare, excessive intake may lead to:

  • Digestive Issues: High consumption may cause gastrointestinal discomfort, such as nausea or diarrhea.
  • Ammonium Sensitivity: Individuals with sensitivities to ammonium compounds should exercise caution.

Impact on Children

Ammonium Fumarate is considered safe for children when consumed within recommended dietary limits. However, moderation is advised to prevent potential health concerns related to excessive intake.

Impact on Taste

Ammonium Fumarate contributes a slightly sour flavor to food products, enhancing their overall taste profile. Its use as an acidity regulator can also influence the perception of sweetness and sourness in foods and beverages.

Compatibility with Other Additives

Ammonium Fumarate is compatible with various food additives and ingredients, making it versatile in food processing. It can be used alongside other acidity regulators, stabilizers, and preservatives to achieve desired product qualities.

Natural Occurrence

Ammonium Fumarate does not occur naturally in foods but is synthesized from fumaric acid, which is naturally present in small amounts in certain foods like mushrooms and lichen.

Alternatives and Substitutes

Alternatives to Ammonium Fumarate include other acidity regulators, such as:

  • Citric Acid (E330): A common acidity regulator and flavoring agent.
  • Tartaric Acid (E334): Provides tartness and is used as an acidity regulator.

The choice of alternative depends on the specific application and desired properties of the food product.

Regulation

Ammonium Fumarate (E368) is approved for use as a food additive in many countries, including those in the European Union. Regulatory agencies have established acceptable daily intake levels to ensure consumer safety. The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) evaluates the safety of food additives and assigns E numbers to authorized substances.

Conclusion

E368 (Ammonium Fumarate) is a food additive employed as an acidity regulator in various products. When used within regulatory guidelines, it is generally safe for consumption, contributing to product quality and taste. However, excessive intake may pose health concerns, particularly for individuals with sensitivities. Moderation and awareness of dietary sources are key to maintaining a balanced intake.