E380 – Triammonium Citrate

E380 is the ammonium salt of citric acid. It is commonly used in the food industry as an acidity regulator, buffer, and emulsifier. Triammonium Citrate is generally recognized as safe for consumption within regulated limits. 

Danger Level: 2 (Relatively Safe with Caution)

Purpose in Products

Triammonium Citrate serves multiple functions in the food industry:

  • Acidity Regulation: Maintains desired pH levels in foods and beverages, ensuring product stability and taste consistency.
  • Buffering Agent: Helps maintain the acidity or basicity of food products.
  • Emulsifier: Assists in mixing ingredients that typically do not combine well, such as oil and water.

Common applications include:

  • Chocolate Confectionery: Used to improve texture and stability.
  • Cheese Spreads: Enhances spreadability and consistency.
  • Dairy Products: Utilized to regulate acidity and improve shelf life.
  • Processed Fruits and Vegetables: Maintains flavor and appearance.
  • Instant Soups and Broths: Contributes to flavor stability and shelf life.

Health Considerations

Triammonium Citrate is generally recognized as safe for consumption within regulated limits. While adverse effects are rare, excessive intake may lead to:

  • Digestive Issues: High consumption may cause gastrointestinal discomfort, such as nausea or diarrhea.
  • Ammonium Sensitivity: Individuals with sensitivities to ammonium compounds should exercise caution.

It’s important to adhere to recommended dietary guidelines and consult with a healthcare provider if you have concerns about food additives.

Impact on Children

Triammonium Citrate is considered safe for children when consumed within recommended dietary limits. However, moderation is advised to prevent potential health concerns related to excessive intake.

Impact on Taste

Triammonium Citrate can provide a slightly sour flavor to food products, enhancing their overall taste profile. Its use as an acidity regulator can also influence the perception of sweetness and sourness in foods and beverages.

Compatibility with Other Additives

Triammonium Citrate is compatible with various food additives and ingredients, making it versatile in food processing. It can be used alongside other acidity regulators, stabilizers, and preservatives to achieve desired product qualities.

Natural Occurrence

Triammonium Citrate does not occur naturally in foods but is synthesized from citric acid, which is naturally present in citrus fruits and other foods.

Alternatives and Substitutes

Alternatives to Triammonium Citrate include other acidity regulators and emulsifiers, such as:

  • Citric Acid (E330): A common acidity regulator and flavoring agent.
  • Sodium Citrate (E331): Used as an acidity regulator and emulsifier.

The choice of alternative depends on the specific application and desired properties of the food product.

Regulation

Triammonium Citrate (E380) is approved for use as a food additive in many countries, including those in the European Union. Regulatory agencies have established acceptable daily intake levels to ensure consumer safety. The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) evaluates the safety of food additives and assigns E numbers to authorized substances.

Conclusion

E380 (Triammonium Citrate) is a versatile food additive employed as an acidity regulator, buffer, and emulsifier in various products. When used within regulatory guidelines, it is generally safe for consumption, contributing to product quality and taste. However, excessive intake may pose health concerns, particularly for individuals with sensitivities. Moderation and awareness of dietary sources are key to maintaining a balanced intake.