E405 — Propylene Glycol Alginate

Propylene glycol alginate (E405) is a food additive derived from alginic acid, which is extracted from brown seaweed. It functions primarily as a thickening agent, stabilizer, and emulsifier in various food products. Generally considered safe, it is approved for use in many countries.

Danger Level: 1 – Almost Safe

Purpose in Products

Propylene glycol alginate is utilized in the food industry to enhance texture and stability. It is commonly found in dairy products, salad dressings, ice creams, sauces, and beverages. Its ability to bind water and form gels makes it valuable in creating desired consistencies in these products. 

Health Considerations

Propylene glycol alginate is generally recognized as safe when consumed within the acceptable daily intake levels. However, excessive consumption may lead to gastrointestinal issues such as bloating or diarrhea. Additionally, it can impair iron absorption by binding to iron in the digestive tract. 

Impact on Children

There are no specific concerns regarding the consumption of propylene glycol alginate by children. It is considered safe for all age groups when consumed within recommended limits. 

Impact on Taste

Propylene glycol alginate does not impart any significant taste to food products. Its role is primarily functional, affecting texture and stability rather than flavor.

Compatibility with Other Additives

Propylene glycol alginate is compatible with various other food additives, including other thickeners and stabilizers. Its use does not typically interfere with the function of other ingredients.

Natural Occurrence

Propylene glycol alginate is derived from brown seaweed species such as Macrocystis pyrifera, Laminaria digitata, L. cloustoni, and Ascophyllum nodosum. These seaweeds are abundant in marine environments and are harvested for their alginate content. 

Alternatives and Substitutes

Alternatives to propylene glycol alginate include other natural thickeners and stabilizers such as agar-agar, carrageenan, and guar gum. These substances can provide similar textural properties in food products.

Regulation

Propylene glycol alginate is approved for use in the European Union and many other countries. It is listed among the permitted food additives and is subject to regulations that ensure its safe use in food products. 

Conclusion

Propylene glycol alginate (E405) is a widely used food additive known for its thickening, stabilizing, and emulsifying properties. Derived from natural sources, it is generally considered safe for consumption. However, like all additives, it should be consumed within recommended limits to avoid potential health issues.