E445 — Glycerol Esters of Wood Rosins

Glycerol esters of wood rosins, designated as E445, are oil-soluble food additives commonly used as emulsifiers and stabilisers in various food products. They are derived from the esterification of wood rosin with glycerol. 

Danger Level: 0 — Safe

Purpose in Products

E445 serves several functions in food products:

  • Emulsifier: Facilitates the mixing of oil and water phases in products like citrus-flavoured beverages, ensuring a uniform texture. 
  • Stabiliser: Maintains the consistency and texture of emulsions, preventing separation and enhancing product stability.

Health Considerations

E445 is considered safe for consumption by regulatory authorities, including the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). The EFSA has established an acceptable daily intake (ADI) of 10 mg/kg body weight per day for glycerol esters of wood rosins. 

No adverse effects have been observed when consumed within this limit.

Impact on Children

E445 is safe for children when consumed in typical dietary amounts.

Impact on Taste

E445 is tasteless and odorless, making it an ideal ingredient for various food products without altering their flavour profiles.

Compatibility with Other Additives

E445 is compatible with various other food additives, including sugars and other hydrocolloids. Its water-binding properties make it suitable for use in products requiring moisture retention.

Natural Occurrence

E445 is derived from wood rosin, which is obtained from pine trees. The specific esters used in E445 are produced by reacting wood rosin with glycerol. 

Alternatives and Substitutes

For those seeking alternatives to E445, options include:

  • Lecithin (E322): A natural emulsifier derived from soybeans or egg yolks.
  • Mono- and Diglycerides of Fatty Acids (E471): Commonly used emulsifiers in various food products.

Regulation

E445 is approved for use as a food additive in many countries, including the European Union, where it is designated as E445. Regulatory bodies such as the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) have evaluated its safety and concluded that it poses no health concerns when used within established limits. 

Conclusion

Glycerol esters of wood rosins (E445) are versatile and safe food additives used primarily as emulsifiers and stabilisers. Their ability to enhance texture and stability makes them valuable in various food products. While generally safe, individuals with specific sensitivities should exercise caution.