E491 — Sorbitan Monostearate

E491, known as sorbitan monostearate, is a food additive primarily used as an emulsifier and stabilizer. It is synthesized by esterifying sorbitol with stearic acid, resulting in a compound that enhances the blending of oil and water phases in food products. 

Danger Level: 0 — Safe

Purpose in Products

E491 serves several functions in food products:

  • Emulsifier: Facilitates the uniform mixing of oil and water components, ensuring consistent texture in products like salad dressings, mayonnaise, and sauces.
  • Stabilizer: Maintains the consistency and texture of emulsions, preventing separation and enhancing product stability.
  • Rehydration Aid: Improves the rehydration properties of dry yeast, aiding in its activation during baking. 

Health Considerations

Sorbitan monostearate is considered safe for consumption. The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) has established an Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI) of 10 mg/kg body weight per day for sorbitan esters, including E491, indicating no safety concern at the reported uses and use levels. 

Impact on Children

E491 is safe for children when consumed in typical dietary amounts.

Impact on Taste

E491 is tasteless and odorless, making it an ideal ingredient for various food products without altering their flavor profiles.

Compatibility with Other Additives

E491 is compatible with various other food additives, including sugars and other hydrocolloids. Its water-binding properties make it suitable for use in products requiring moisture retention.

Natural Occurrence

E491 is a synthetic compound and does not occur naturally.

Alternatives and Substitutes

For those seeking alternatives to E491, options include:

  • Lecithin (E322): A natural emulsifier derived from soybeans or egg yolks.
  • Mono- and Diglycerides of Fatty Acids (E471): Commonly used emulsifiers in various food products.

Regulation

E491 is approved for use as a food additive in many countries, including the European Union, where it is designated as E491. Regulatory bodies such as the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) have evaluated its safety and concluded that it poses no health concerns when used within established limits. 

Conclusion

Sorbitan monostearate (E491) is a versatile and safe food additive used primarily as an emulsifier and stabilizer. Its unique properties make it valuable in various food products, enhancing texture and stability. While generally safe, individuals with specific sensitivities should exercise caution.