E494 — Sorbitan Monooleate

E494, known as sorbitan monooleate, is a food additive primarily used as an emulsifier and stabilizer. It is synthesized by esterifying sorbitol with oleic acid, resulting in a compound that enhances the blending of oil and water phases in food products. 

Danger Level: 0 — Safe

Purpose in Products

E494 serves several functions in food products:

  • Emulsifier: Facilitates the uniform mixing of oil and water components, ensuring consistent texture in products like salad dressings, mayonnaise, and sauces.
  • Stabilizer: Maintains the consistency and texture of emulsions, preventing separation and enhancing product stability.
  • Anti-Bloom Agent: In chocolates, E494 helps retard fat bloom by preventing the conversion of unstable β’ crystals to stable β crystals, which can migrate to the chocolate surface and cause fat bloom. 

Health Considerations

Sorbitan monooleate is considered safe for consumption. The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) has established an Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI) of 10 mg/kg body weight per day for sorbitan esters, including E494, indicating no safety concern at the reported uses and use levels. 

Impact on Children

E494 is safe for children when consumed in typical dietary amounts.

Impact on Taste

E494 is tasteless and odorless, making it an ideal ingredient for various food products without altering their flavor profiles.

Compatibility with Other Additives

E494 is compatible with various other food additives, including sugars and other hydrocolloids. Its water-binding properties make it suitable for use in products requiring moisture retention.

Natural Occurrence

E494 is a synthetic compound and does not occur naturally.

Alternatives and Substitutes

For those seeking alternatives to E494, options include:

  • Lecithin (E322): A natural emulsifier derived from soybeans or egg yolks.
  • Mono- and Diglycerides of Fatty Acids (E471): Commonly used emulsifiers in various food products.

Regulation

E494 is approved for use as a food additive in many countries, including the European Union, where it is designated as E494. Regulatory bodies such as the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) have evaluated its safety and concluded that it poses no health concerns when used within established limits. 

Conclusion

Sorbitan monooleate (E494) is a versatile and safe food additive used primarily as an emulsifier and stabilizer. Its unique properties make it valuable in various food products, enhancing texture and stability. While generally safe, individuals with specific sensitivities should exercise caution.