E514 – Sodium Sulfates

Danger Level: 0 (Safe)

E514, known as sodium sulfates, encompasses two forms: sodium sulfate (E514(i)) and sodium hydrogen sulfate (sodium bisulfate, E514(ii)). These compounds are utilized in the food industry primarily as acidity regulators and carriers for other additives. 

Purpose in Products

Sodium sulfates serve several functions in food products:

  • Acidity Regulators: They adjust and maintain the desired pH levels in various food items, ensuring product stability and safety.
  • Carriers for Additives: Sodium sulfates act as carriers for other additives, facilitating their even distribution within the product. 

Health Considerations

Sodium sulfates are generally recognized as safe when used in accordance with good manufacturing practices. The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) has evaluated the safety of sulfuric acid and its salts, including sodium sulfates, and concluded that their use does not raise safety concerns at reported usage levels. 

However, excessive consumption may lead to gastrointestinal discomfort, such as nausea or vomiting, due to their laxative properties. Therefore, it is advisable to consume products containing E514 in moderation. 

Impact on Children

While sodium sulfates are considered safe for the general population, including children, excessive intake may cause digestive disturbances, such as diarrhea, especially in infants. Therefore, monitoring and moderating the consumption of foods containing E514 is recommended for younger age groups. 

Impact on Taste

Sodium sulfates are typically used in minimal quantities that do not impart any noticeable taste to food products. Their primary function is to regulate acidity without affecting the overall flavor profile.

Compatibility with Other Additives

Sodium sulfates are compatible with a wide range of food additives and ingredients. They are often used as carriers to facilitate the even distribution of other additives, enhancing product consistency and quality.

Natural Occurrence

Sodium sulfate occurs naturally in mineral deposits and can also be produced synthetically by neutralizing excess sulfuric acid with sodium hydroxide or sodium carbonate. In its hydrated form, it is known as Glauber’s salt. 

Alternatives and Substitutes

Alternative acidity regulators include:

  • Citric Acid (E330): A natural acidifier commonly used in beverages and confectioneries.
  • Tartaric Acid (E334): Often used in baking powders and as an acidulant in various food products.
  • Lactic Acid (E270): Used in dairy products and fermented foods to regulate acidity.

Regulation

Sodium sulfates (E514) are approved for use as food additives in many countries, including those in the European Union and the United States. Their use is regulated under good manufacturing practices to ensure safety. 

Conclusion

E514 (Sodium Sulfates) are effective acidity regulators and carriers used in various food products. When consumed within the established regulatory guidelines, they are considered safe for the general population. As with all food additives, moderation and adherence to recommended intake levels are key to ensuring safety.