E524 — Sodium Hydroxide

Sodium hydroxide, commonly known as caustic soda or lye, is an inorganic compound with the formula NaOH. It is a strong alkali used in various industrial and food processing applications. 

Danger Level: 3 — Hazardous

Purpose in Products

In the food industry, sodium hydroxide serves several functions:

  • Acidity Regulator: It adjusts the pH levels in food products, ensuring proper acidity. 
  • Peeling Agent: Sodium hydroxide is used to facilitate the industrial peeling of fruits, aiding in the removal of skins.
  • Blackening Agent: It is employed to blacken olives, enhancing their appearance.
  • Caramel Preparation: Sodium hydroxide is involved in the preparation of caramel, contributing to its color and flavor.

Health Considerations

Sodium hydroxide is a highly caustic substance that can cause severe chemical burns upon contact. However, when used in food processing, it is typically present in very low concentrations, and the final product contains negligible amounts, making it safe for consumption. The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) has not established an acceptable daily intake (ADI) for sodium hydroxide, indicating no safety concern at the reported uses and use levels. 

Impact on Children

Sodium hydroxide is safe for children when present in food products at the levels typically used in food processing.

Impact on Taste

Sodium hydroxide is tasteless and odorless, making it an ideal ingredient for various food products without altering their flavor profiles.

Compatibility with Other Additives

Sodium hydroxide is compatible with various other food additives, including sugars and other hydrocolloids. Its water-binding properties make it suitable for use in products requiring moisture retention.

Natural Occurrence

Sodium hydroxide is not naturally occurring in foods but is synthetically produced for use as a food additive.

Alternatives and Substitutes

For those seeking alternatives to sodium hydroxide, options include:

  • Potassium Hydroxide (E525): Another strong alkali used in food processing.
  • Calcium Hydroxide (E526): Used in food processing, particularly in the preparation of certain beverages.

Regulation

Sodium hydroxide is approved for use as a food additive in many countries, including the European Union, where it is designated as E524. Regulatory bodies such as the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) have evaluated its safety and concluded that it poses no health concerns when used within established limits. 

Conclusion

Sodium hydroxide (E524) is a versatile and safe food additive used primarily as an acidity regulator, peeling agent, blackening agent, and in caramel preparation. Its unique properties make it valuable in various food products, enhancing texture and stability. While generally safe, individuals with specific sensitivities should exercise caution.