E527 — Ammonium Hydroxide

Ammonium hydroxide, designated as E527, is a colorless solution of ammonia gas dissolved in water. It is commonly used in the food industry as an acidity regulator. 

Danger Level: 3 — Hazardous

Purpose in Products

In the food industry, ammonium hydroxide serves several functions:

  • Acidity Regulator: It adjusts the pH levels in food products, ensuring proper acidity.
  • Processing Aid: Ammonium hydroxide is used in the processing of certain food products, such as cocoa powder, to improve solubility and texture. 

Health Considerations

Ammonium hydroxide is a strong alkaline substance that can cause chemical burns upon contact. However, when used in food processing, it is typically present in very low concentrations, and the final product contains negligible amounts, making it safe for consumption. The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) has not established an acceptable daily intake (ADI) for ammonium hydroxide, indicating no safety concern at the reported uses and use levels. 

Impact on Children

Ammonium hydroxide is safe for children when present in food products at the levels typically used in food processing.

Impact on Taste

Ammonium hydroxide is tasteless and odorless, making it an ideal ingredient for various food products without altering their flavor profiles.

Compatibility with Other Additives

Ammonium hydroxide is compatible with various other food additives, including sugars and other hydrocolloids. Its water-binding properties make it suitable for use in products requiring moisture retention.

Natural Occurrence

Ammonium hydroxide is not naturally occurring in foods but is synthetically produced for use as a food additive.

Alternatives and Substitutes

For those seeking alternatives to ammonium hydroxide, options include:

  • Sodium Hydroxide (E524): Another strong base used in food processing.
  • Potassium Hydroxide (E525): Used in food processing, particularly in the preparation of certain beverages.

Regulation

Ammonium hydroxide is approved for use as a food additive in many countries, including the European Union, where it is designated as E527. Regulatory bodies such as the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) have evaluated its safety and concluded that it poses no health concerns when used within established limits. 

Conclusion

Ammonium hydroxide (E527) is a versatile and safe food additive used primarily as an acidity regulator and processing aid. Its unique properties make it valuable in various food products, enhancing texture and stability. While generally safe, individuals with specific sensitivities should exercise caution.