E574 — Gluconic Acid

Gluconic acid (E574) is a mild organic acid derived from glucose. It is commonly used in the food industry as an acidity regulator and chelating agent. Naturally, it is present in fruits, honey, and wine. 

Danger Level: 0 — Safe

Purpose in Products

In the food industry, gluconic acid serves several functions:

  • Acidity Regulator: It adjusts the pH levels in food products, enhancing flavor and preservation.
  • Chelating Agent: Gluconic acid binds metal ions, improving the stability and shelf life of food products.

Health Considerations

Gluconic acid is considered safe for consumption when used within established limits. The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) has evaluated its safety and concluded that it poses no health concerns at the current authorized use and use levels. 

Impact on Children

Gluconic acid is safe for children when present in food products at the levels typically used in food processing.

Impact on Taste

Gluconic acid imparts a mild acidity to food products, enhancing flavor without overpowering other taste profiles.

Compatibility with Other Additives

Gluconic acid is compatible with various other food additives, including sugars and other hydrocolloids. Its chelating properties make it suitable for use in products requiring metal ion stabilization.

Natural Occurrence

Gluconic acid is naturally present in fruits, honey, and wine. 

Alternatives and Substitutes

For those seeking alternatives to E574, options include:

  • Citric Acid (E330): A common acidity regulator derived from citrus fruits.
  • Lactic Acid (E270): An organic acid used for its tangy flavor and preservative properties.

Regulation

Gluconic acid is approved for use as a food additive in many countries, including the European Union, where it is designated as E574. Regulatory bodies such as the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) have evaluated its safety and concluded that it poses no health concerns when used within established limits. 

Conclusion

Gluconic acid (E574) is a versatile and safe food additive used primarily as an acidity regulator and chelating agent. Its unique properties make it valuable in various food products, enhancing flavor and stability. While generally safe, individuals with specific sensitivities should exercise caution