E575 — Glucono-δ-lactone (GDL)

Glucono-δ-lactone (GDL), designated as E575, is a naturally occurring organic compound derived from glucose. It appears as a white, odorless crystalline powder and is utilized in the food industry for its mild acidity and multifunctional properties. 

Danger Level: 0 — Safe

Purpose in Products

In the food industry, GDL serves several functions:

  • Acidity Regulator: GDL acts as a mild acidifier, adjusting the pH levels in food products to enhance flavor and preservation. 
  • Coagulant: It is used in the production of tofu, where its gradual acidification initiates the curdling of proteins, aiding in the formation of the tofu’s texture. 
  • Leavening Agent: GDL serves as a leavening agent in baking, contributing to the rise and texture of baked goods.
  • Chelating Agent: It binds metal ions, improving the stability and shelf life of food products. 

Health Considerations

GDL is considered safe for consumption when used within established limits. The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) has evaluated its safety and concluded that it poses no health concerns at the current authorized use and use levels. 

Impact on Children

GDL is safe for children when present in food products at the levels typically used in food processing.

Impact on Taste

GDL imparts a mild acidity to food products, enhancing flavor without overpowering other taste profiles.

Compatibility with Other Additives

GDL is compatible with various other food additives, including sugars and other hydrocolloids. Its chelating properties make it suitable for use in products requiring metal ion stabilization.

Natural Occurrence

GDL is naturally present in fruits, honey, and wine. 

Alternatives and Substitutes

For those seeking alternatives to E575, options include:

  • Citric Acid (E330): A common acidity regulator derived from citrus fruits.
  • Lactic Acid (E270): An organic acid used for its tangy flavor and preservative properties.

Regulation

GDL is approved for use as a food additive in many countries, including the European Union, where it is designated as E575. Regulatory bodies such as the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) have evaluated its safety and concluded that it poses no health concerns when used within established limits. 

Conclusion

Glucono-δ-lactone (E575) is a versatile and safe food additive used primarily as an acidity regulator, coagulant, and leavening agent. Its unique properties make it valuable in various food products, enhancing flavor and stability. While generally safe, individuals with specific sensitivities should exercise caution.