E579 — Ferrous Gluconate

Ferrous gluconate, designated as E579, is the iron (II) salt of gluconic acid. It appears as a yellowish-gray or pale greenish-yellow powder with a slight caramel odor. In the food industry, it serves primarily as a color fixative and iron supplement. 

Danger Level: 0 — Safe

Purpose in Products

In the food industry, ferrous gluconate serves several functions:

  • Color Fixative: It is used to maintain the black color of ripe olives during processing. 
  • Iron Supplement: Ferrous gluconate is utilized to fortify foods with iron, addressing iron deficiency anemia.

Health Considerations

Ferrous gluconate is considered safe for consumption when used within established limits. The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) has evaluated its safety and concluded that it poses no health concerns at the current authorized use and use levels. 

Impact on Children

Ferrous gluconate is safe for children when present in food products at the levels typically used in food processing.

Impact on Taste

Ferrous gluconate is tasteless and odorless, making it an ideal ingredient for various food products without altering their flavor profiles.

Compatibility with Other Additives

Ferrous gluconate is compatible with various other food additives, including acids and salts. Its iron content makes it suitable for use in products requiring iron fortification.

Natural Occurrence

Gluconic acid, the precursor to ferrous gluconate, is naturally present in fruits, honey, and wine. 

Alternatives and Substitutes

For those seeking alternatives to E579, options include:

  • Ferrous Sulfate (E533): Another iron supplement used in food fortification.
  • Ferrous Fumarate: An alternative iron supplement with similar applications.

Regulation

Ferrous gluconate is approved for use as a food additive in many countries, including the European Union, where it is designated as E579. Regulatory bodies such as the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) have evaluated its safety and concluded that it poses no health concerns when used within established limits. 

Conclusion

Ferrous gluconate (E579) is a versatile and safe food additive used primarily as a color fixative and iron supplement. Its unique properties make it valuable in various food products, enhancing both nutritional value and visual appeal. While generally safe, individuals with specific sensitivities should exercise caution.