E634 — Calcium 5′-Ribonucleotides

Calcium 5′-ribonucleotides, designated as E634, are a mixture of the calcium salts of guanylic acid (E626) and inosinic acid (E630). These compounds are naturally present in animal tissues and are utilized in the food industry as flavour enhancers. 

Danger Level: 0 — Safe

Purpose in Products

Calcium 5′-ribonucleotides serve several functions in food products:

  • Flavour Enhancer: They enhance the overall taste of food, particularly in savoury products, by intensifying the natural flavours present. 

Health Considerations

Calcium 5′-ribonucleotides are generally considered safe for consumption. However, individuals with asthma should avoid inosinates, as they may trigger asthmatic reactions. Additionally, since inosinates are metabolised into purines, individuals suffering from gout should exercise caution. The concentrations used in food products are typically low, reducing the likelihood of adverse effects. 

Impact on Children

Calcium 5′-ribonucleotides are safe for children when consumed in typical dietary amounts. Nonetheless, excessive intake should be avoided to prevent potential digestive issues.

Impact on Taste

Calcium 5′-ribonucleotides are tasteless and odourless, making them ideal ingredients for various food products without altering their flavour profiles.

Compatibility with Other Additives

Calcium 5′-ribonucleotides are compatible with various other food additives, including sugars and other hydrocolloids. Their water-binding properties make them suitable for use in products requiring moisture retention.

Natural Occurrence

Calcium 5′-ribonucleotides are naturally found in animal tissues, particularly in meat and fish. They are commercially produced from meat or fish, such as sardines, and may also be synthesised through bacterial fermentation of sugars. 

Alternatives and Substitutes

For those seeking alternatives to calcium 5′-ribonucleotides, options include:

  • Monosodium Glutamate (MSG): A widely used flavour enhancer that provides a savoury taste.
  • Disodium Guanylate (E627): Another flavour enhancer often used in conjunction with other additives to enhance taste.

Regulation

Calcium 5′-ribonucleotides are approved for use as a food additive in many countries, including the European Union, where they are designated as E634. Regulatory bodies such as the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) have evaluated their safety and concluded that they pose no health concerns when used within established limits. 

Conclusion

Calcium 5′-ribonucleotides (E634) are versatile and natural food additives with a long history of safe use. Their ability to act as flavour enhancers makes them valuable in various food products. While generally safe, it is advisable to consume them in moderation to avoid potential adverse effects, especially for individuals with asthma or gout.