E905A — Mineral Oil

Mineral oil, designated as E905a, is a refined petroleum product used in the food industry primarily as an anti-foaming agent. It consists of high molecular weight saturated aliphatic hydrocarbons and is generally darker, more viscous, denser, tackier, and more elastic than paraffin waxes. 

Danger Level: 0 — Safe

Purpose in Products

Mineral oil is utilized in food products for the following purposes:

  • Anti-Foaming Agent: It is added to prevent the formation of foam during food processing, ensuring smoother production and enhancing the quality of the final product. 

Health Considerations

Mineral oil is generally considered safe for consumption. It is a natural dietary fiber and is not absorbed by the human body, which can aid in digestion and promote a feeling of fullness. 

However, consuming large amounts may lead to gastrointestinal discomfort, such as bloating or diarrhea.

Impact on Children

Mineral oil is safe for children when consumed in typical dietary amounts. Its high fiber content can be beneficial for digestive health. Nonetheless, excessive intake should be avoided to prevent potential digestive issues.

Impact on Taste

Mineral oil is tasteless and odorless, making it an ideal ingredient for various food products without altering their flavor profiles. 

Compatibility with Other Additives

Mineral oil is compatible with various other food additives, including sugars and other hydrocolloids. For instance, it shows synergy with locust bean gum, resulting in increased gel strength and enhanced elasticity in gels. 

Natural Occurrence

Mineral oil is naturally found in the cell walls of certain red algae species, such as Eucheuma cottonii and Eucheuma spinosum. These algae are harvested, cleaned, and processed to extract the polysaccharide for various uses. 

Alternatives and Substitutes

For those seeking alternatives to mineral oil, options include:

  • Gelatin: A common gelling agent derived from animal collagen, suitable for non-vegetarian diets.
  • Pectin: A plant-based gelling agent often used in jams and jellies.
  • Agar-Agar: Another seaweed-derived gelling agent, though it may have different textural properties compared to mineral oil.

Regulation

Mineral oil is approved for use as a food additive in many countries, including the European Union, where it is designated as E905a. Regulatory bodies such as the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) have evaluated its safety and concluded that it poses no health concerns when used within established limits. 

Conclusion

Mineral oil (E905a) is a versatile and natural food additive with a long history of safe use. Its ability to act as an anti-foaming agent makes it valuable in various food products. While generally safe, it is advisable to consume it in moderation to avoid potential digestive discomfort.