E911 – Methyl Esters of Fatty Acids (MEFAs)

E911, known as methyl esters of fatty acids (MEFAs), are organic compounds synthesized by esterifying fatty acids with methanol. These esters are primarily used in the food industry as glazing agents and emulsifiers. 

Danger Level: 0 — Safe

Purpose in Products

  • Glazing Agents: MEFAs are applied to food surfaces to create a smooth, shiny coating, enhancing the visual appeal of products such as pastries, candies, and fruits. 
  • Emulsifiers: They facilitate the blending of oil and water-based ingredients, improving the texture and consistency of processed foods like sauces, dressings, and baked goods. 

Health Considerations

MEFAs are generally recognized as safe when consumed in small quantities. However, overconsumption may lead to mild digestive discomfort, including bloating and diarrhea, as they are not easily digestible by the human body. 

Impact on Children

There is no specific evidence to suggest that MEFAs have any adverse effects on children. They are considered safe for consumption by all age groups when used appropriately. 

Impact on Taste

MEFAs are tasteless and odorless, making them ideal for use in food products without altering their flavor profiles. 

Compatibility with Other Additives

MEFAs are compatible with various other food additives, including other emulsifiers and glazing agents. Their synergistic effects can enhance the overall quality and sensory attributes of food products. 

Natural Occurrence

While MEFAs are primarily synthesized for industrial use, they are naturally found in certain plants and animals. For example, jojoba oil is composed of approximately 97% wax esters, which are similar to MEFAs. 

Alternatives and Substitutes

For those seeking alternatives to MEFAs, options include:

  • Beeswax (E901): A natural glazing agent derived from bees, used to provide a shiny appearance to food products.
  • Carnauba Wax (E903): A plant-derived glazing agent obtained from the leaves of the carnauba palm, known for its high melting point and glossy finish.
  • Shellac (E904): A natural resin secreted by the female lac bug, used as a glazing agent to provide a protective coating and glossy finish.

Regulation

MEFAs are approved for use as food additives in many countries, including the European Union, where they are designated as E911. Regulatory bodies such as the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) have evaluated their safety and concluded that they pose no health concerns when used within established limits. 

Conclusion

Methyl esters of fatty acids (E911) are versatile and natural food additives with a long history of safe use. Their ability to act as glazing agents and emulsifiers makes them valuable in various food products. While generally safe, it is advisable to consume them in moderation to avoid potential digestive discomfort.