E949 – Hydrogen

Hydrogen, designated as E949, is a colorless, odorless, and highly flammable gas. In the food industry, it is utilized as a propellant gas, particularly in the packaging of certain food products to maintain their freshness and extend shelf life. 

Danger Level: 1 – Mostly Safe

Purpose in Products

  • Propellant Gas: E949 is employed in controlled atmosphere packaging to help preserve the properties of food by preventing oxidation and spoilage. 

Health Considerations

When used appropriately in food packaging, hydrogen is considered safe and does not pose health risks to consumers. It does not react with food components and is used in minimal amounts that do not affect the product. 

Impact on Children

There is no specific evidence to suggest that hydrogen has adverse effects on children when used in food packaging. Its inert nature ensures it does not interact with food or pose health risks to consumers of any age.

Impact on Taste

Hydrogen is tasteless and does not alter the flavor, aroma, or texture of food products. Its use is limited to maintaining the quality and extending the shelf life of packaged foods.

Compatibility with Other Additives

As a propellant gas, hydrogen is compatible with various substances used in food packaging and does not interact adversely with other food additives or ingredients.

Natural Occurrence

Hydrogen is the most abundant element in the universe and is found in combination with other elements on Earth. For industrial purposes, it is typically produced through methods such as natural gas reforming or electrolysis of water.

Alternatives and Substitutes

Other gases used as propellants and in modified atmosphere packaging include:

  • Nitrogen (E941): Commonly used to displace oxygen in packaging, preventing oxidation and spoilage.
  • Carbon Dioxide (E290): Often used in combination with nitrogen to inhibit microbial growth in food products.

Regulation

Hydrogen (E949) is approved for use as a food additive in various regions, including the European Union. Its application as a propellant gas is considered safe when used in accordance with good manufacturing practices. 

Conclusion

Hydrogen (E949) serves as an effective propellant gas in the food industry, aiding in the preservation of food products by preventing oxidation and extending shelf life. When used within regulated limits, it is considered safe for consumption, as it does not interact with food components or alter their properties. As with all food additives, adherence to regulatory guidelines ensures consumer safety.