E999 – Quillaia Extract

Quillaia extract, designated as E999, is a natural additive derived from the bark of the soapbark tree (Quillaja saponaria), native to South America. It is primarily composed of saponins, which possess foaming properties, making it valuable in various food and beverage applications. 

Danger Level: 1 – Mostly Safe

Purpose in Products

  • Foaming Agent: E999 is commonly used to create and stabilize foam in beverages such as soft drinks, particularly in root beer and cream soda, as well as in certain alcoholic beverages like cider. 
  • Emulsifier: It acts as an emulsifying agent in the production of carbonated flavored soft drinks and beer, aiding in the uniform distribution of ingredients. 

Health Considerations

  • Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI): The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) has established an ADI for quillaia extract at 3 mg saponins per kilogram of body weight per day. 
  • Safety Evaluations: EFSA has re-evaluated quillaia extract and concluded that, at the current usage levels, it does not pose a safety concern for consumers. However, they recommend revising the EU specifications for E999 to better characterize the food additive and ensure consumer safety.

Impact on Children

There is no specific evidence indicating that quillaia extract poses additional risks to children when consumed within the established ADI. Nonetheless, monitoring and moderating the intake of foods containing E999 in children’s diets is advisable.

Impact on Taste

Quillaia extract itself has a bitter taste; however, when used in appropriate quantities as a foaming agent or emulsifier, it does not significantly affect the flavor profile of the final product.

Compatibility with Other Additives

E999 is often used in combination with other emulsifiers and stabilizers to achieve the desired texture and stability in food and beverage products.

Natural Occurrence

Quillaia extract is naturally derived from the bark of the soapbark tree (Quillaja saponaria), which contains saponins responsible for its foaming properties.

Alternatives and Substitutes

Other foaming agents and emulsifiers that can be used as alternatives to quillaia extract include:

  • Yucca Extract: Derived from the yucca plant, it also contains saponins and is used as a foaming agent in beverages.
  • Saponin Extracts from Other Plants: Such as those obtained from soybeans or tea, which can provide similar foaming properties.

Regulation

Quillaia extract (E999) is approved for use as a food additive in the European Union and is subject to specific purity criteria and maximum usage levels to ensure consumer safety. 

Conclusion

E999 (Quillaia Extract) serves as a natural foaming agent and emulsifier in various food and beverage products. When used within regulated limits, it is considered safe for consumption, with no significant health risks identified. Its natural origin and functional properties make it a valuable additive in the food industry. As always, adherence to regulatory guidelines ensures consumer safety.